Table 1.

Patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated infectious and immune-mediated CNS disease so far reported.

Age(y)	Sex	Onset	OO(d)	M/E	LP	CIC	CM	Imaging	Treatment	OC	Country	Reference
Infectious
24	m	B	5	E	nr	yes	HA, IC, SE	Edema, ventriculitis	VS, AB, MV, S, AED	nr	Japan	[3]
44	f	A	3	E	yes	nr	CON, SE	E, bleeding	VS, AB, AED, S	death	India	[4]
nr	nr	nr	nr	E	nr	yes	SE, hiccups	normal	VS, AB, AED,	nr	China	[5]#
41	f	AB	0	ME	yes	no	SE, CON, HL	normal	VS, AB, CHLO, AED, S	REC	USA	[6]
36	m	A	4	ME	nr	yes	HA	SAB, ICB, SDH	Surgery	nr	Dubai	[7]
64	f	A	6	ME	yes	no	SE, psychosis	normal	VS	REC	Swiss	[8]
67	f	A	17	ME	yes	no	HA, CON, HAN, HN	normal	VS, AB	REC	Swiss	[8]
69	m	A	7	ME	yes	no	HA, CON, fall	normal	VS, AB, CHLO	REC	France	[9]
66	m	A	>5	Myelitis	nr	nr	paraparesis	nr	VS, AB, S, IVIG	REC	China	[10]
60	m	A	8	Myelitis	yes	no	paraparesis	myelitis	VS, AB, S	REC	German	[11]
Immune-mediated
49	m	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	E	AB, PE	REC	Turkey	[12]
59	m	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	E	AB, PE	REC	Turkey	[12]
59	m	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	normal	AB, PE	death	Turkey	[12]
51	f	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	normal	AB, PE	REC	Turkey	[12]
55	m	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	normal	AB, PE	ICU	Turkey	[12]
22	m	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	E	AB, PE	REC	Turkey	[12]
71	m	A	nr	ADEM*	nr	nr	nr	nr§	ICU, S	death	USA	[13]
40	f	A	11	ADEM	no	no	bulbar signs	demyel	AB, IVIG, CHLO	REC	USA	[14]
54	f	A	days	ADEM	no	no	SE	demyel	AED, S	REC	Italy	[15]
~55	f	A	3	AHNE	nr	no	CON	AHNE	IVIG	nr	USA	[16]
59	f	A	10	AHNE	no	no	SE, IC	edema	MV, S	death	UK	[17]
74	m	A	1	EP	no	no	HA, CON	old stroke	VS AB, CHLO, AED	ICU	USA	[18]
8 pat.	nr	A	nr	EP	nr	no	nr	LEE	nr	nr	France	[19]
60	m	B	2	EP	yes	no	IC, akinetic	normal	VS, AB, S	REC	Italy	[20]
23	m	AB	0	EP	no	nr	psychosis	normal	AB, S, IVIG, neuroleptics	REC	Ecuador	[21]
31	f	A	18	EP	yes	nr	coma	edema	VS, AB, CHLO, MV	death	USA	[22]
34	m	A	9	EP	no	nr	coma, SE	edema	CHLO, MV	nr	USA	[22]
64	m	A	nr	EP, CH	no	nr	SE	T2HI	CHLO, MV	REC	USA	[22]
46	m	B	2	EP	no	no	delirium, SE	inflammation	VS, AB, AED, MV	REC	UK	[23]
79	f	B	2	EP	no	no	SE, delirium	limbic E	AED	REC	UK	[23]
77	m	A	6	EP	nr	nr	delirium	normal	VS, AB	death	UK	[24]
69	f	A	8	myelitis	yes	no	weakness	myelitis	S, PE	REC	Spain	[25]
nr	m	A	14	E	no	no	E	normal	supportive	REC	China	[26]
56	f	A	15	M	no	no	TEPA, dysph	LEE	IVIG	REC	Spain	[27]
64	m	A	2	EP	no	no	IC, CON	normal	VS, supportive	REC	China	[28]
5 pat.	nr	A	nr	AIE	no	no	nr	CSA	MV	nr	Turkey	[29]
40	f	A	nr	E	nr	yes	syncope	nr	CHLO	REC	USA	[30]

A: onset of ME after onset of non-neurological manifestations, AB: antibiotics, AED: antiepileptic drugs, AHNE: acute, hemorrhaghic, necrotizing encephalopathy, AIE: auto-immune-encephalitis, B. onset of ME before onset of non-neurological manifestations, CC: CSF-culture, CH: cerebral hypoxia, CHLO: chloroquine, CIC: SARS-CoV-2 in CSF, CM: clinical manifestations, CON: confusion, CSA: cortical signal abnormality, Demyel: demyelination, dysph: dysphagia, E: encephalitis, EP: encephalopathy, f: female, HA: headache, HAN: hemianopia, HL: hallucinations, HN: hemineglect, IC: impaired consciousness, ICB: intracerebral bleeding, ICU: intensive care unit, IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulins, LEE: leptomeningeal enhancement, LP: lymphocytic pleocytosis, M: meningitis, m: male, MB: microbleeds, MV: mechanical ventilation, nd: not done, nr: not reported, OO: latency between onset of meningitis/encephalitis and COVID-19 respectively vice versa, PE: plasma exchange, REC: recovery, S: steroids, SAB: subarachnoid bleeding, SDH: subdural hematoma, SE: seizures, T2HI: hyperintensity on T2-images, TEPA: quadruparesis, VS: virostatics, *: on autopsy, §: ADEM-like lesions, #: reported in Ramoli et al.