TABLE 3.
Summary risk estimates for the association of total and specific nuts with risk of cancer mortality in adults aged ≥18 y by considering prospective cohort studies1
| n 2 | Pooled ES (95% CI)3 | I 2 (%)4 | Q-statistic5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The highest vs. lowest comparison of nut intake | ||||
| Total nuts6 | 10 | 0.87 (0.82, 0.91)* | 23 | 14.2 |
| Tree nuts7 | 3 | 0.82 (0.76, 0.90)* | 0 | 0.03 |
| Peanut butter | 4 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | 54.1 | 6.5 |
| Peanuts8 | 4 | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99)* | 33.5 | 4.5 |
| Linear dose-response association (per 5-g/d increase) | ||||
| Total nuts6 | 10 | 0.96 (0.95, 0.98)* | 30.1 | 12.8 |
| Peanut butter | 4 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.02) | 46.1 | 5.5 |
| Peanuts8 | 4 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 48.1 | 5.7 |
1
ES, effect size.
2
Number of effect sizes.
3
Obtained from the random-effects model.
4
Inconsistency – the percentage of variation across studies due to heterogeneity.
5
Obtained from the Q-test.
6
Including tree nuts and peanuts.
7
Including walnuts, pistachios, macadamia nuts, pecans, cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts.
8
Including peanuts without considering peanut butter.
*
P value <0.05.