TABLE 1.
Study | Interventions compared | Allowed antidiabetic standard therapy during the trial | Allowed pretreatment with antibiotics | Multi/single center trial (n, recruiting centers) | Country(ies) in which participants were recruited | Maximal planned length of follow-up, wk | Number of participants randomized |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ejtahed et al., 2011 (25) | Probiotics; control probiotics | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 6 | 64 |
Ejtahed et al., 2012 (4) | Probiotics; control probiotics | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 6 | 64 |
Tripolt et al., 2013 (26) | Probiotics; no intervention | NR | No | Single | Austria | 12 | 30 |
Mazloom et al., 2013 (13) | Probiotics; placebo | NR | NR | Single | Iran | 6 | NR |
Asemi et al., 2013 (5) | Synbiotics; prebiotics | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 8 | 60 |
Barreto et al., 2014 (27) | Probiotics; placebo | NR | NR | Single | Brazil | 12 | 24 |
Shakeri et al., 2014 (28) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 8 | 78 |
Mohamadshahi et al., 2014 (7) | Probiotics; control probiotics | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 8 | 44 |
Jung et al., 2014 (29) | Probiotics; no intervention | LM, OGM | NR | Single | Korea | 12 | 48 |
Tajadadi-Ebrahimi et al., 2014 (30) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 8 | 81 |
Ostadrahimi et al., 2015 (31) | Probiotics; control probiotics | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 8 | 68 |
Bayat et al., 2016 (32) | Probiotics; no intervention | OGM | NR | Single | Iran | 8 | 80 |
Bernini et al., 2016 (33) | Probiotics; no intervention | NR | No | Single | Brazil | 45 days | 51 |
Sato et al., 2017 (34) | Probiotics; placebo | LM, OGM, insulin therapy | NR | Single | Japan | 16 | 70 |
Mobini et al., 2017 (35) | Probiotics; placebo | LM, OGM, insulin therapy | No | Single | Sweden | 12 | 46 |
Firouzi et al., 2017 (36) | Probiotics; placebo | LM, OGM | No | Single | Malaysia | 12 | 136 |
Tonucci et al., 2017 (37) | Probiotics; control probiotics | OGM | No | Unclear2 | Brazil | 6 | 50 |
Feizollahzadeh et al., 2017 (38) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM, insulin therapy | No | Single | Iran | 8 | 48 |
Yuan et al., 2017 (39) | Probiotics; placebo | LM, OGM, insulin therapy | No | Multi (7) | China | 12 | 234 |
Raygan et al., 2018 (40) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM, insulin therapy | No | Single | Iran | 12 | 60 |
Kassaian et al., 2018 (41) | Probiotics; placebo | NR | No | Single | Iran | 24 | 120 |
Sabico et al., 2018 (9) | Probiotics; placebo | NR | No | Single | Saudi Arabia | 6 months | 96 |
Kobyliak et al., 2018 (12) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM, insulin therapy | No | Single | Ukraine | 8 | 53 |
Hsieh et al., 2018 (6) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM, insulin therapy | No | Single | Taiwan | 9 months | 74 |
Mazruei et al., 2019 (42) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM, insulin therapy | No | Single | Iran | 12 | 60 |
Naito et al., 2018 (43) | Probiotics; placebo | NR | No | Single | Japan | 12 | 100 |
Razmpoosh et al., 2019 (44) | Synbiotics; prebiotics | OGM | No | Single | Iran | 6 | 68 |
Khalili et al., 2019 (45) | Probiotics; placebo | OGM | No | Single | Iran | 8 | 40 |
LM, lifestyle modification; NR, not reported; OGM, oral glucose-lowering medication.
Participants were recruited from 2 clinics in the same city.