TABLE 1.
Study participant demographics and infections
| Variable | Nodding syndrome (n=154) |
Community controls (n=154) |
CSF controls (n=15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 15.5 (1.7) | 14.6 (2.1) | 12.3 (1.5) | <.0001 a |
| Male, % (n/N) | 55.2% (85/154) | 54.5% (84/154) | 46.7% (7/15) | .81 b |
| Height‐for‐age z scores, median (IQR) | ‐1.11 (1.81‐0.36) | ‐0.8 (‐1.62‐0.01) | NA | .01 c |
| Severe stunting, % (n/N) (z score<‐3) | 5.8% (9/154) | 3.9% (6/154) | NA | .59 b |
| BMI‐for‐age z scores mean (SD) | ‐2.02 (1.47) | 1.65 (1.15) | NA | .01 c |
| Severe wasting, % (n/N) (z score<‐3) | 22.7% (35/154) | 11% (17/154) | NA | .009 b |
| MUAC, cm, mean (SD) | 22.16 (3.33) | 21.76 (2.84) | NA | .26 c |
| Infection | ||||
| Malaria smear positive, % (n/N) | 72.7% (112/154) | 54.5% (84/154) | 0% (0/15) | <.0001 b |
| HIV infection, % (n/N) | 0.6% (1/154) | 0% (0/154) | 0% (0/154) | .14 b |
| Seropositive OV‐16, % (n/N) | 95.4% (147/154) | 55.2% (86/154) | NA | <.0001 b |
| Active O. volvulus infection, % (n/N) | 8.4% (13/154) | 1.3% (2/154) | NA | .006 b |
Abbreviation: NA, data not available/applicable.
a
ANOVA.
b
Chi‐square test.
c
Mann‐Whitney U test.
d
Unpaired Student’s t test.