Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies Cont.
| Author/Year | Intervention | Dietary Supplement Ingredient | Session | Manufacture | Main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hu 2020 [40] | IG: Lianghua Qingwen capsules + usual treatment CG: Usual treatment |
Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica, Ephedra sinica, Isatis indigotica, Pogostemon cablin, Rheum palmatum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Rhodiola crenulata, Houttuynia cordata, Prunus sibirica, gypsum and 1-menthol | 4 capsules thrice daily for 2 weeks | Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China Z20100040 | Primary outcome: Clinical symptoms (fever, fatigue, and cough) recovery Secondary outcome: Symptom recovery time, Chest CT improvement, clinical cure rate, conversion time and rate of SARS-CoV-2 viral assay |
| Wang 2020 [34] | IG: Keguan-1 decoction + antiviral treatment and the other supportive treatments CG: Antiviral treatment + the other supportive treatments |
Derived from 3 different formulae, Yinqiao Powder, Sangju Drink, and Sanren Decoction (Lonicera japonica Thunb30 g, Forsythia suspensa 30 g, Morus alba L 15 g, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat10 g, Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. mayuen 30 g, Fritillaria thunbergii Miq 15 g, and Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim 9 g) | 19.4 g twice daily for 2 weeks | Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China) | Primary outcome: ARDS development incidence Secondary outcome: Fever resolution time, lung injury recovery (evaluated by X-ray or CT). |
| Xiao 2020 [33] | IG: Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills + Lianhua Qingwen granules CG: Lianhua Qingwen granules + conventional medicine; or conventional medicine | Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pill (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., Magnolia officinalis Cortex, Angelicae dahurica Radix, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Areca catechu L., Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Breit., Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Perilla frutescens, and Citrus reticulata) and Lianhua Qingwen granule (Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Isatis indigotica Fortune, Mentha haplocalyx Briq., Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, Rhodiola rosea L., Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., Rheum palmatum L., Houttuynia cordata Thunb., and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam) | Lianhua Qingwen granules: 1 bag(6g), thrice daily for 2 weeks; Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills: 1 bag (2.6g), twice daily for 2 weeks. | Huo Xiang Zhengqi dropping pills (Chinese medicine Z20000048, Tianjin Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.) Lianhua Qingwen granules (Chinese medicine Z20100040, Beijing Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., specification.) | Primary outcome: clinical symptom improvement and disappearance rates after 14 days of treatment Secondary outcome: the proportion of patients who progressed to severe status. |
| Xiong 2020 [32] | IG: Xuanfei Baidu decoction: + conventional medicine CG: Conventional medicine | Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Semen Coicis 30 g, Agastachis Herba 15 g, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix 20 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Verbenae Herba 30 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 30 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 25 g, Citri Grandis Rubrum Exocarpium 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g | 1 pouch of 200 ml each time, 2 times daily for 1 week | NR | Primary outcome: the main symptoms (fever, fatigue, and cough) disappearance rate after 1-week treatment Secondary outcome: the disappearance rate of secondary symptoms, and the changes in WBC, LYM, CRP, ESR |
| Yu 2020 [31] | IG: Lianhua Qingwen granules: + arbidol + other medicine CG: Arbidol + other medicine |
Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica, Ephedra sinica, Isatis indigotica, Pogostemon cablin, Rheum palmatum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Rhodiola crenulata, Houttuynia cordata, Prunus sibirica, gypsum and 1-menthol | 6g, 3 times daily for 1 week | Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China Z20100040 | Clinic cure rate, severe transfer rate, TCM symptom scores, changes in WBC, LYM, CRP, PCT and effective cure rate based on CT review. |
| Liu 2020 [39] | IG: Jinhua Qinggan granules + oxygen inhalation, and symptomatic and supportive treatment CG: Oxygen inhalation, and symptomatic and supportive treatment + Not take Jinhua Qinggan granules/take less than 2 d | Flos Lonicerae, Herba Ephedra Sinica, Gypsum Fibrosum, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis, Fructus Forsythiae Suspensae, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Arctii, Herba Artemisiae Annuae, Herba Menthae Haplocalycis, Radix Glycyrrhizae | 1 bag (6 g) twice daily (morning and evening) for adult, for 7 consecutive days | Juxiechang (Beijing) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., National Medicine Permission No. Z20160001 | Average duration of viral nucleic acid detection and the recovery time indicated by chest CT, the 7-day viral clearance rate |
| Sardari 2021 [37] | IG: Thyme essential oil + routine medications CG: Syrup placebo + routine medications | Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) Essential Oil | 5 ml every 8 h for 1 week | Pharmacy company | Frequency distribution of different symptoms (fever, cough, coriza, dyspnea, dizziness, muscular pain, headache, sore throat, sputum, anorexia, weakness and lethargy, fatigue, chest wall pain, diarrhea); changes in BUN, N, Ca, LYM |
| Valizadeh 2020 [35] | IG: Nano-curcumin capsule + conventional medications CG: Placebo capsules + conventional medications | Medicinal part of turmeric | 160 mg of Nano-curcumin in four 40 mg capsules daily for 2 weeks | Exir Nano Sina Company, Iran (IRC:1228225765) | The mRNA expression and cytokine secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-18 |
| Abdelmaksou 2021 [41] | IG: Zinc therapy + Egyptian protocol of treatment CG: Egyptian protocol of treatment | Zinc sulfate | 220 mg zinc sulfate (50 mg elemental zinc), twice daily | NR | Serum zinc levels regarding disease severity or the presence or absence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction, the median duration of complete recovery |
| Abd-Elsalam 2020 [42] | IG: Zinc therapy + hydroxychloroquine + standard treatment CG: Hydroxychloroquine + standard treatment | Zinc sulfate | Zinc sulfate 220 mg (50 mg of elemental zinc) twice daily for 6 days | NR | The recovery within 28 days, the need for mechanical ventilation, and death |
| Thomas 2021 [36] | IG: (1) Zinc gluconate; (2) Ascorbic acid; (3) Zinc gluconate + ascorbic acid CG: Standard care | Zinc gluconate (50 mg), ascorbic acid (8000 mg), both agents | Zinc gluconate: 50 mg at bedtime for 10 days; ascorbic acid: 8000 mg (to be divided over 2–3 times per day with meals) for 10 days. | NR | Primary outcome: the number of days required to reach a 50% reduction in symptom severity score from peak symptom score. Secondary outcome: the number of days required to reach a total symptom severity score of 0, cumulative severity score at day 5, hospitalizations, deaths, adjunctive prescribed medications, and adverse effects of the study supplements. |
| Murai 2021 [38] | IG: Vitamin D3+ conventional care CG: Placebo peanut oil solution + conventional care | Vitamin D3 | 200 000IU dissolved in a 10-ml peanut oil solution | NR | Primary outcome: hospital length of stay Secondary outcome: mortality; the intensive care unit administration number; the number of patients who needed mechanical ventilation and the duration of mechanical ventilation; and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total calcium, creatinine, CRP, D-dimer |
Note: RCT = Randomized controlled trial; IG = Interventional group; CG = Control group; NR = Not reported; WBC = White blood cell; LYM = Lymphocytes; CRP = C-reactive protein; ESR = Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ARDS = Acute respiratory distress syndrome; BUN = Blood urea nitrogen; IL-1β = Interleukin 1 beta; IL-6 = Interleukin 6, TNF-α = Tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-18 = Interleukin 18.