. 2021 Apr 15;13(2):52–68.

Table 5.

Effect of Costus afer on oxidative stress markers (nMole/mg tissue) of liver, kidney, brain and testis of male albino rats treated with metal mixture

Organs	Treatment	CAT	SOD	GSH	MDA
Liver	Deionized H₂O (only)	2.87±0.95^a,b	0.35±0.06^a	1.36±0.28^b	0.39±0.08^c,d
	Metal mixture (only)	2.36±1.85^a	0.24±0.06^a	0.81±0.18^a	0.64±0.10^e
	Metal mixture + 750 mg/kg CA	5.64±3.39^b,c	0.33±0.06^a	1.04±0.07^a	0.45±0.11^d
	Metal mixture + 1500 mg/kg CA	6.08±1.84^c	0.54±0.08^b	1.35±0.24^b	0.24±0.04^b
	Metal mixture + 2250 mg/kg CA	9.18±1.90^d	0.82±0.12^b	1.82±0.20^c	0.12±0.03^a
Kidney	Distilled H₂O (only)	2.07±1.12^a,b	0.21±0.03^a	1.96±0.15^b	0.60±0.06^c
	Metal mixture (only)	1.64±0.51^a	0.19±0.05^a	1.03±0.22^a	0.74±0.10^d
	Metal mixture + 750 mg/kg CA	2.80±2.05^a,b	0.23±0.06^a	1.17±0.06^a	0.60±0.11^c
	Metal mixture + 1500 mg/kg CA	4.00±1.79^b,c	0.42±0.06^b	1.66±0.15^b	0.34±0.04^b
	Metal mixture + 2250 mg/kg CA	5.07±0.89^c	0.63±0.14^c	2.30±0.30^c	0.18±0.06^a
Brain	Deionized H₂O (only)	0.43±0.15^a	0.11±0.01^a	2.74±0.24^c	0.81±0.08^b,c
	Metal mixture (only)	0.36±0.14^a	0.09±0.02^a	1.58±0.15^a	0.89±0.04^c
	Metal mixture + 750 mg/kg CA	0.43±0.13^a	0.10±0.04^a	1.75±0.31^a	0.81±0.04^b,c
	Metal mixture + 1500 mg/kg CA	0.53±0.21^a	0.18±0.04^b	2.21±0.31^b	0.73±0.06^b
	Metal mixture + 2250 mg/kg CA	1.05±0.38^b	0.29±0.08^c	2.59±0.30^c	0.51±0.14^a
Testis	Deionized H₂O (only)	0.67±0.26^a	0.14±0.03^a	2.28±0.15^b	0.73±0.12^b
	Metal mixture (only)	0.85±0.56^a,b	0.19±0.07^a,b	1.36±0.06^a	0.72±0.11^b
	Metal mixture + 750 mg/kg CA	0.56±0.13^a	0.19±0.07^a,b	1.36±0.07^a	0.64±0.14^b
	Metal mixture + 1500 mg/kg CA	1.68±0.59^b,c	0.25±0.04^b	2.14±0.25^b	0.58±0.10^b
	Metal mixture + 2250 mg/kg CA	2.18±1.01^c	0.42±0.06^c	2.31±0.27^b	0.32±0.06^a

Values are expressed as (Mean ± SD, N = 5). Values in the same column with different superscripts (a, b, c, d, e) are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05) and those with the same superscripts in the same column are not significantly different; where CA = Costus afer, CAT = catalase, SOD = superoxide dismutase, GSH = glutathione and MDA = malondialdehyde.