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. 2021 May 31;4:647. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02186-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Preparation of monodispersed spore suspension. Sterile cotton and four, six, and eight layers of filter papers were tested for filtering the spore suspension. A monodispersed spore suspension was obtained after filtrated through eight layers of sterile filter paper. Scale bar: 5 μm. b Germination of monodispersed S. lividans 66 spores in R2YE liquid medium over 24 h. Scale bar: 10 μm. c Germination of S. lividans 66 spores in droplets over 24 h. Scale bar: 50 μm. d Optimization of droplet diameters at different flow rate ratios of oil-to-water phase. Scale bar: 100 μm. e Relationship between droplet diameters and the flow rate ratio of oil-to-water phase. The number in the circle indicates the droplet diameter, which was calculated from microscopy images using n = 100 droplets.