. 2021 May 31;11:11390. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90699-1

Table 2.

Comparison of soil variables values (mean ± SD) between LAS and adjacent control soil (n = 60).

Soil attributes	Site 1		Site 2
Soil attributes	LAS	Control soil	LAS	Control soil
pH	7.5 ± 0.3^a	7.7 ± 0.1^a	7.4 ± 0.28^a	7.6 ± 0.13^a
EC (dS m⁻¹)	3.5 ± 1.1^a	1.87 ± 0.4^b	3.79 ± 1.6^a	1.87 ± 0.31^b
SAR	5.92 ± 1.1^a	3.84 ± 0.42^b	4.52 ± 0.95^a	2.83 ± 0.4^b
ESP (%)	5.84 ± 1.2^a	4.01 ± 0.38^b	7.3 ± 1.41^a	4.54 ± 0.92^b
OM (g kg⁻¹)	18.7 ± 0.6^a	16.2 ± 0.2^b	21.8 ± 0.5^a	17.5 ± 0.3^b
CEC (cmol kg⁻¹)	21.9 ± 3.3^a	18.8 ± 1.9^b	24.0 ± 2.8^a	20.1 ± 1.1^b
CCE (g kg⁻¹)	301 ± 10.6^a	280 ± 7.7^a	320 ± 10.3^a	295 ± 8.7^a
Total N (%)	0.25 ± 0.0.05^a	0.2 ± 0.01^b	0.33 ± 0.02^a	0.21 ± 0.01^b
Available P (mg kg⁻¹)	12.8 ± 0.4^a	8.86 ± 0.19^b	11.9 ± 0.6^a	9.09 ± 0.27^b
Available K (mg kg⁻¹)	440 ± 25.4^a	337.6 ± 19.9^b	449.5 ± 37.5^a	379.7 ± 30.2^b
Exchangeable Ca (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	15.8 ± 0.61^a	13.3 ± 0.52^b	14.9 ± 0.84^a	13.1 ± 0.75^b
Exchangeable Mg (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	4.6 ± 0.32^a	4.0 ± 0.21^b	4.2 ± 0.28^a	3.7 ± 0.24^b
Exchangeable K (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	1.23 ± 0.04^a	0.91 ± 0.02^b	1.2 ± 0.0.8^a	0.90 ± 0.02^b
Exchangeable Na (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	0.55 ± 0.06^a	0.36 ± 0.03^b	0.62 ± 0.34^a	0.38 ± 0.17^a
Zn-DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	14.5 ± 2.5^a	2.4 ± 0.11^b	14.3 ± 2.7^a	1.2 ± 0.2^b
Cu- DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	7.2 ± 1.4^a	1.3 ± 0.3^b	6.4 ± 0.6^a	1.3 ± 0.12^b
Cd-DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	0.65 ± 0.23^a	0.4 ± 0.09^b	0.59 ± 0.1^a	0.34 ± 0.03^b
Pb DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	3.1 ± 0.36^a	1.1 ± 0.26^b	3.3 ± 0.31^a	1.1 ± 0.21^b
Ni-DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	2.2 ± 0.25^a	0.9 ± 0.05^b	2.7 ± 0.2^a	1.4 ± 0.04^b
Total Zn (mg kg⁻¹)	162.9 ± 8.2^a	63.8 ± 1.8^b	161.9 ± 6.3^a	61.3 ± 1.5^b
Total Cu (mg kg⁻¹)	58.3 ± 2.1^a	46.2 ± 1.6^b	55.5 ± 1.8^a	45.1 ± 1.3^b
Total Cd (mg kg⁻¹)	5.2 ± 1.2^a	1.8 ± 0.5^b	5.1 ± 1.1^a	1.7 ± 0.3^b
Total Pb (mg kg⁻¹)	63.2 ± 2.3^a	38.9 ± 0.85^b	77.8 ± 1.9^a	38.8 ± 0.71^b
Total Ni (mg kg⁻¹)	57.5 ± 2.5^a	30.5 ± 0.98^b	59.1 ± 1.7^a	31.2 ± 0.76^b

Soil attributes	Site 3		Site 4
Soil attributes	LAS	Control soil	LAS	Control soil
pH	7.3 ± 0.14^a	7.5 ± 0.1^a	7.5 ± 0.2^a	7.8 ± 0.14^a
EC (dS m⁻¹)	5.98 ± 2.1^a	2.8 ± 0.8^b	3.4 ± 1.2^a	1.65 ± 0.5^b
SAR	5.94 ± 0.91^a	3.91 ± 0.53^b	6.6 ± 0.98^a	3.95 ± 0.44^b
ESP(%)	4.84 ± 1.03^a	3.03 ± 0.31^b	6.65 ± 0.81^a	3.9 ± 0.3^b
OM (g kg⁻¹)	19.0 ± 0.3^a	15.7 ± 0.2^b	22.7 ± 0.43^a	18.5 ± 0.24^b
CEC (cmol kg⁻¹)	18.4 ± 2.8^a	15.6 ± 1.1^b	24.6 ± 3.4^a	20.63 ± 2.1^b
CCE (g kg⁻¹)	282 ± 10.3^a	263 ± 8.7^b	310 ± 8.3^a	291 ± 7.6^a
Total N (%)	0.21 ± 0.02^a	0.15 ± 0.01^b	0.23 ± 0.03^a	0.18 ± 0.01^b
Available P (mg kg⁻¹)	10.45 ± 0.67^a	8.19 ± 0.27^b	12.17 ± 0.54^a	10.21 ± 0.34^b
Available K (mg kg⁻¹)	420 ± 37.5^a	340 ± 30.3^b	417 ± 29.8^a	342 ± 25.7^b
Exchangeable Ca (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	13.4 ± 0.84^a	11.9 ± 0.73^b	15.5 ± 0.61^a	14.0 ± 0.54^a
Exchangeable Mg (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	3.7 ± 0.2^a	3.3 ± 0.1^a	4.3 ± 0.3^a	3.9 ± 0.2^a
Exchangeable K (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	1.01 ± 0.06^a	0.86 ± 0.04^b	1.2 ± 0.11^a	0.97 ± 0.03^b
Exchangeable Na (cmol_c kg⁻¹)	0.68 ± 0.2^a	0.38 ± 0.1^b	0.49 ± 0.09^a	0.26 ± 0.08^b
Zn-DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	17.8 ± 1.2^a	1.5 ± 0.21^b	23.8 ± 1.4^a	0.9 ± 0.1^b
Cu- DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	5.3 ± 0.78^a	1.2 ± 0.2^b	6.7 ± 0.57^a	1.1 ± 0.1^b
Cd-DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	0.54 ± 0.05^a	0.3 ± 0.02^b	0.53 ± 0.04^a	0.26 ± 0.02^b
Pb DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	3.7 ± 0.2^a	1.3 ± 0.1^b	3.3 ± 0.26^a	1.2 ± 0.15^b
Ni-DTPA (mg kg⁻¹)	2.3 ± 0.3^a	0.98 ± 0.03^b	2.9 ± 0.25^a	1.1 ± 0.02^b
Total Zn (mg kg⁻¹)	166.1 ± 6.8^a	63.3 ± 1.5^b	164.3 ± 4.2^a	62.6 ± 1.1^b
Total Cu (mg kg⁻¹)	55.7 ± 1.8^a	45.1 ± 1.3^b	55.6 ± 1.4^a	45.2 ± 0.98^b
Total Cd (mg kg⁻¹)	5.3 ± 0.97^a	1.9 ± 0.3^b	5.2 ± 1.3^a	1.8 ± 0.25^b
Total Pb (mg kg⁻¹)	80.4 ± 2.5^a	46.4 ± 1.2^b	66.1 ± 2.1^a	33.6 ± 0.94^b
Total Ni (mg kg⁻¹)	61.3 ± 3.2^a	30.8 ± 1.1^b	56.4 ± 1.9^a	30.7 ± 0.97^b

SD: standard deviation; LAS: leachate-affected soil; OM: organic matter; CCE: calcium carbonate equivalent; CEC: cation exchange capacity; EC: electrical conductivity; SAR: sodium adsorption ratio; ESP: exchangeable sodium percentage.

Different letters in each row show significant differences at P < 0.05 based on the paired t-test.