Fig. 2.

tACPA prevents lung fibrosis in bleomycin-induced PF mice. a A schematic overview of the bleomycin-induced PF mouse model. Mice were challenged with PBS (Control) or 2.5 U/kg bleomycin to induce acute PF. Antibody (Ab) treatment was performed with three injections of 50 mg/kg cIgG or m-tACPA at days 0, 2, and 5. The mice were terminated at day 14 or 21. b The body weights of bleomycin-challenged mice was evaluated over time (n = 4 mice per group). BALF was collected at day 14 and analyzed for the presence of c total protein and d total cells (n = 2; other lungs were used for H&E staining). e Cell composition in BALF was determined as described elsewhere⁸⁹ (n = 2; neutrophils were used to calculate significant differences). f Representative images showing H&E staining of the lungs of cIgG- or m-tACPA-treated mice that were challenged with bleomycin or PBS at 14 and 21 days. Scale bars: 100 µm. The results are presented as the means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, using two-tailed Mann–Whitney statistical test (b; cIgG was used to calculate significant differences) or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (e)