Table 2.

Immunotherapeutic strategies that are currently under investigation for the treatment of immunopathological liver disease

Therapeutic strategy	Targeted disease	Potential mechanism	Refs
Oral anti‐CD3 mAb	NASH	Induction of CD4+ latency-associated peptide (LAP)-positive Tregs. Increased levels of TGF-β	92,93
Bovine colostrum (IMM-124E) (NCT03042767)	NAFLD	IgG antibody against bacterial LPS to prevent TLR4 signaling and cytokine release	116
Cenicriviroc (NCT02217475)	NASH Liver fibrosis	Blockade of C-C chemokine receptors type 2 and 5	94,95
Hypothermic ex vivo machine perfusion (NCT04203004)	Ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation	Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion with cytokine filtration of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and endothelin-1	98