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. 2021 May 31;11:11319. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90288-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of PvTOR in various tissues and in mycorrhized wild-type P. vulgaris plants. (A) RT-qPCR analysis of PvTOR transcript levels in different vegetative and reproductive organs. (B) AM fungal colonized roots were stained and assessed for percent mycorrhizal root length colonization under a light microscope at different time points. The remaining root portions were used for RT-qPCR analysis to measure (C) PvTOR and (D) PT-4 expression in AM roots at different time points. Transcript accumulation was normalized to the expression of EIF4a and IDE, which were used as reference genes. For C and D, the statistical significance of differences between uninoculated and Ri-inoculated roots was determined using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). For A–D, error bars refer to the SE of the mean of three biological replicates (n > 9). Ri, R. irregularis; dpi, days post inoculation; wpi, week(s) post inoculation.