Table 3.
The ability of five tested biomarkers to differentiate bacterial infection in ED.
| Biomarker | AUROC*a (95% CI) | Cut-off | Sn (%) (95% CI) | Sp (%) (95% CI) | PPV (%) (95% CI) | NPV (%) (95% CI) | PLR (95% CI) | NLR (95% CI) | Kappa (κ) | P Valueb | Accuracy (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.93 (0.88–0.97) | 6.33 | 75 (66–83) | 91 (77–98) | 97 (91–99) | 52 (44–61) | 8.8 (3.0–26.0) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.53 | < 0.001 | 79 (71–85) |
| sPLA2-IIA (μg/L) | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 7.04 | 80 (72–87) | 94 (81–99) | 98 (92–99) | 59 (50–68) | 14.0 (3.6–54.1) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.62 | < 0.001 | 83 (77–89) |
| N% | 0.85 (0.76–0.93) | 75.00 | 84 (77–91) | 69 (51–83) | 90 (84–94) | 57 (45–68) | 2.5 (1.5–4.2) | 0.3 (0.3–0.5) | 0.50 | 0.001 | 81 (74–87) |
| PCT (ng/mL) | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | 0.38 | 51 (41–60) | 91 (77–98) | 95 (87–98) | 36 (31–41) | 8.3 (2.8–24.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.28 | < 0.001 | 60 (52–68) |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 0.68 (0.59–0.77) | 2.00 | 42 (33–52) | 86 (70–95) | 91 (81–96) | 31 (27–36) | 3.0 (1.3–6.8) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.17 | 0.002 | 52 (44–61) |
AUROC area under receiver operating characteristic curve, Sn sensitivity, Sp specificity, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, PLR positive likelihood ratio, NPR negative likelihood ratio, hsCRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, sPLA2-IIA secretory phospholipase 2-IIA, %, neutrophil percentage, PCT procalcitonin. The result compared the bacterial infection group (n = 116) against non-bacterial infection group (n = 35).
*AUROC classification: 0.70–0.79 = Fair, 0.80–0.89 = Good, > 0.90 = Excellence.
aPatients recruited excluding missing data(biomarkers) patients; complete case analysis.
bP values are based on χ2 test, P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference.