Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics.
| P-FD group | F-FD group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 65 | 64 | |
| Male | 28 (43.1%) | 24 (37.5%) | 0.5914 |
| Age (years) | 56.9 (11.0) | 56.6 (12.0) | 0.8831 |
| Body weight (kg) | 77.0 (12.9) | 76.6 (17.7) | 0.8692 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 (4.4) | 29.8 (6.3) | 0.6897 |
| Past maximum weight (kg) | 80.7 (12.8) | 81.3 (17.6) | 0.8315 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.4 (11.3) | 99.1 (11.9) | 0.5369 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 7.5 (6.0) | 9.1 (7.9) | 0.2317 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (0.4) | 7.4 (0.5) | 0.8889 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 57.2 (4.6) | 57.1 (5.1) | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 8.2 (1.7) | 8.3 (2.0) | 0.8758 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.6 (18.9) | 85.9 (23.3) | 0.9504 |
| sBP (mmHg) | 133.2 (16.8) | 133.9 (13.7) | 0.8133 |
| dBP (mmHg) | 80.2 (10.9) | 79.1 (8.9) | 0.5408 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 77.5 (14.1) | 78.0 (14.5) | 0.8681 |
| History of hypertension | 36 (55.3%) | 40 (62.5%) | 0.4755 |
| History of dyslipidemia | 51 (78.5%) | 48 (75.0%) | 0.6810 |
P-FD protein-rich formula diet, F-FD fat-rich formula diet, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, sBP systolic blood pressure, dBP diastolic blood pressure. Data are expressed as n (%) or mean (SD).