TABLE 1.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of apigenin in the literature. Four kinetic studies on oral and IV administered apigenin in rat models have been published. Doses ranged from 13.5 to 60 mg/kg. Significant variability was observed between peak plasma concentrations and the respective Tmax. Relative oral bioavailability (F) of apigenin is low, at ∼30%. Note: parameters were calculated to equivalent units.
| Study data source | Model | Admin | Molecule | Dose (mg/kg) | Cmax (ng/ml) | Tmax (h) | AUC(0-t) (ng*h/ml) | T1/2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teng et al. (2012) | Rats | Oral | Apigenin | 13.5 | 42 ± 2 | 0.50±0.01 | 659 ± 25 | 2.11 ± 0.03 |
| Glucuronide metabolite | 43 ± 4 | 1.23 ± 0.13 | 351 ± 13 | 4.69 ± 0.05 | ||||
| Sulfonate metabolite | 13 ± 2 | 1.07±0.09 | 20 ± 2 | 10.97 ± 0.13 | ||||
| Ding et al. (2014) | Rats | Oral | Apigenin | 60 | 1330 ± 240 | 2.5±0.33 | 11763 ± 1520 | 4.198 ± 0.29 |
| Wan et al. (2007) | Rats | IV | Apigenin | 20 | 10934 ± 1730 | IV admin (N/A) | 3312 ± 473 | 1.75 ± 1.18 |
| Luteolin metabolite | 78.16 ± 26.23 | 0.08 | 28.73 ± 11.33 | 0.97 ± 1.25 | ||||
| Chen et al. (2011) | Rats | IV | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 18 | 0.68 ± 0.04 | IV admin (N/A) | 1.34 ± 0.11 | 2.03 ± 1.32 |