Table 1.

Ongoing clinical trials and clinical research of anti-cytokine therapeutic inhibitors.

Treatment/drug	Inhibitor type	Target	Phase	Asthma endotype	Status	Outcome	ID
Ongoing trials
CSJ117	Inhaled FAB-fragment of human monoclonal antibody	TSLP	I	Mild atopic asthma	Completed	Reduction of allergen-induced bronchoconstriction	NCT03138811
Tezepelumab	Human monoclonal antibody	TSLP	II	Mast сell phenotype asthma and AHR	Recruiting		NCT02698501
			II	Severe asthma	Completed	FEV1 levels improve by 0.11–0.15 L more in Tezepelumab group than in placebo group. Blood eosinophil counts, FeNO, and total serum IgE levels decrease in Tezepelumab group	NCT02054130
			III	Severe asthma	Active, not recruiting		NCT03347279
			III	Severe asthma	Active, not recruiting		NCT03406078
REGN3500	Human monoclonal antibody	IL-33	I	Allergic asthma	Completed	Asthma control improvement. Blood eosinophil counts decrease	NCT03112577
Combination of REGN3500 and Dulimumab	Human monoclonal antibody	IL-33, IL-4Rα			Completed	Asthma control improvement. Blood eosinophil counts decrease. Combination of the two therapies failed to perform better than Dulimumab alone
KB003	Human monoclonal antibody	GM-CSF	II	Moderate-to-severe asthma	Completed	FEV1 levels improve by 0.06–0.25 L more in KB003 group than in placebo group. No effects on asthma control or exacerbation rates	NCT01603277
Benralizumab	Humanized monoclonal antibody	IL-5	III	Severe eosinophilic asthma	Completed	Improved asthma control	NCT01928771
					Completed		NCT01914757
Golimumab	Human monoclonal antibody	TNF	II	Severe asthma	Completed	Provoking of serious adverse infections and malignancies	NCT00207740
Etanercept	Human dimeric p75 receptors fused with human Fc		II	Moderate to severe asthma	Completed	Improvement in lung function and quality of life	NCT00141791
			Not applicable	Refractory asthma	Completed	No positive effect	NCT00276029
Sirukumab	Human monoclonal antibody	IL-6	IIa	Severe uncontrolled asthma	Withdrawn	Withdrawn before participants were enrolled	NCT02794519
Clinical research
Infliximab	Chimeric monoclonal antibody	TNF		Severe steroid-dependent asthma		Reduced frequency of asthma exacerbations	(30)
Tocilizumab	Humanized monoclonal antibody	IL-6R		Severe persistent asthma		Clinical and immunological responses to therapy. Suppression of IL-4+Foxp3+ (Th2-like) and IL-17+Foxp3+ (Th17-like) Treg cells, Th2- and Th17-cells	(31)