Figure 5.

AdipoRon induces FOXP3 expression and IL-10 release from Helios^- AdipoR1⁺ Tregs. CD4⁺ T cells were cultured in the presence of AdipoRon and then analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Frequency of FOXP3⁺ Helios⁺ Tregs or FOXP3⁺ Helios^- Tregs. (B) Frequency of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) MAPK cells within FOXP3⁺ Helios⁺ Tregs and FOXP3⁺ Helios^- Tregs. (C) Frequency of intracellular IL-10⁺ cells in AdipoR1⁺ Tregs. (D) Frequency of IL-10-secreting AdipoR1⁺ Tregs. The analysis of intracellular IL-10⁺ cells or IL-10-secreting cells was performed in CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺ Helios⁺ AdipoR1⁺ Tregs and CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺ Helios^- AdipoR1⁺ Tregs. Data are means ± SEM of n=4-6 blood donors. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, and Student’s t-test for one-to-one comparisons,*P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, and ***P< 0.001.