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. 2021 May 31;12:3257. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23504-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Transition-metal catalyzed carbonylation of difluorinated alkene 3. b Dihydroxylation of 16 and 23 to give difluorinated 1-aryl-glycerols. c Ruthenium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] co-cyclization of diene-yne 26. d Rhodium-catalyzed reductive cyclization of 1,6-enyne 25. e Practical procedures for the synthesis of OCF₂-Aripiprazole 70. f Four-step protocol for the synthesis of OCF₂-Pramocaine 73.