Table 3. Characterisation of CPE clusters detected by the automated WHONET-SatScan system, Switzerland, 2013–2018 (n = 682).
| Signal period | 22–28 Mar 2013 | 27 Sep–11 Oct 2013 | 2 May–12 Jun 2014 | 20 Mar–4 May 2015 | 1 Dec 2015 | 15–23 Feb 2018 | 25–28 Apr 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotype | KPC-2 | KPC | KPC-2, KPC-3 | OXA-48 | OXA-48 | OXA-48 | VIM |
| Number observed | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 3 |
| Number expected | 0.5 | 0.55 | 1.32 | 1.94 | 2.44 | 0.91 | 0.13 |
| Recurrence interval | 559 | 588 | 2,113 | 667 | 16,540 | 720 | 655 |
| Region | East | North-East | Centre-East | North-East | Geneva | West | North-East |
| Number of hospitals involved | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 |
| Number of patients involved | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Number of species involved | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Confirmation statusa | Cluster and outbreak confirmed | Cluster confirmed | Cluster confirmed, outbreak excluded | Cluster and outbreak confirmed | Cluster confirmed | Cluster confirmed | Cluster and outbreak confirmed |
CPE: carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; KPC: K. pneumoniae carbapenemase; OXA: Oxacillinase; VIM: Verona integron–encoded metallo-β-lactamase.
a Confirmation status indicates whether an accumulation of cases was detected in the hospital but no further investigation was performed (‘cluster confirmed’), whether a local outbreak was confirmed by genetic analyses (‘Cluster and outbreak confirmed’) or whether an accumulation of cases was detected but a local transmission was excluded by genetic analyses (‘Cluster confirmed, outbreak excluded’).