Table 3.
Risk factors associated with prevalence of GIT parasites in poultry of central plain zone of Punjab.
| Risk factor | Parameter | Total sample examined | Total positive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management type | Deep litter | 90 | 49 (54.4) | |
| Cage system | 370 | 139 (37.5) | ||
| Confined backyard | 30 | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Total | 490 | 188 (38.4) | ||
| χ2 | 28.61** | |||
| Bird type | Broilers | 300 | 120 (40.0) | |
| Layers | 190 | 68 (35. 8) | ||
| Total | 490 | 188 (38.4) | ||
| χ2 | 0.872NS | |||
| Season | Monsoon (July-October) | 130 | 76 (58.5) | |
| Winters (November-February) | 125 | 43 (34.4) | ||
| Summer (March-June) | 235 | 69 (29.4) | ||
| χ2 | 31.0904** | |||
| Age group (broilers) | 0-2 weeks | 40 | 23 (57.5) | |
| 3-4 weeks | 130 | 49 (37.7) | ||
| 5-6 weeks | 65 | 30 (46.1) | ||
| 7-8 weeks | 65 | 18 (27.7) | ||
| χ2 | 10.521* | |||
| Age group (layers) | 0-8 weeks | 25 | 06 (24.0) | |
| 9-18 weeks | 30 | 14 (46.7) | ||
| 19 weeks and above | 135 | 48 (35.5) | ||
| χ2 | 3.060 NS | |||
| Breed | Pure | 110 | 32 (29.1) | |
| Commercial | 245 | 106 (43.3) | ||
| Desi | 45 | 09 (20.0) | ||
| Cross | 90 | 41 (45.5) | ||
| χ2 | 18.475* | |||
*, **Indicate values varying significantly at 5% and 1% level of significance