Table 1.

Gene polymorphism-related differences in the outcomes of abiraterone for prostate cancer

Gene	SNP	CHR	Minor Allele	MAF	Sample Size Studied	Population	Effect on the Response	Ref
HSD3B1	rs1047303	1	C	0.033	76	Caucasian	Not predictive of response to first-line Abi	[31]
		1	C	0.033	102	Caucasian	The HSD3B1 (1245C) variant allele is associated with A shorter PFS on ADT in patients with mHSPC	[28]
		1	C	-	99	Japanese	Distinctly better response to Abi	[25]
		1	C	-	30	NA	Result in a protein variant with increased steady-state levels	[32]
SLCO2B1	rs1077858	11	G	0.353	58	Caucasian	A higher rate of pathologic minimal residual disease on prostatectomy	[39]
		11	G	-	21	NA	GG genotype showeded a shorter TTBP and PFS than SNP rs1077858 (AA or GA) allele	[41]
		11	G	-	322	NA	No significant associations between this SNP and outcomes in mCRPC patients (more line therapy)	[40]
	rs12422149	11	A	0.118	59	Caucasian	Increased abiraterone levels within prostate tissue (first-line mCRPC)	[39]
		11	A	-	323	NA	Significantly improved median PFS (first-line)	[40]
	rs1789693	11	T	0.372	59	Caucasian	Increased abiraterone levels within prostate tissue	[39]
		11	T	-	323	NA	No differential association with response (first-line mCRPC)	[40]
SULT1E1	rs3775777	4	G	0.298	68	Caucasian	Significantly associated with increased time to treatment failure	[48]
	rs4149534		C	0.296
	rs10019305		G	0.289
	rs3775770		T	0.274
	rs4149527		T	0.278
	rs3775768		T	0.271
	rs3775777	4	G	0.298	68	Caucasian	Significantly associated with TTF on AA therapy	[48]
	rs4149534		C	0.296
	rs10019305		G	0.289
	rs10019305	4	G	-	322	NA	No significant associations between the evaluated SNP and outcomes in mCRPC patients (more line therapy)	[32]
	rs4149534		C	-
	rs3775777		T	-
CYP17A1	rs2486758	10	C	0.213	87	NA	Diminished shorter time to biochemical progression and biochemical response	[54]
		10	C	-	322	NA	Significant association with TCR (more line therapy)	[32]
	rs10883782	10	G	0.160	109	French	Associated with rPFS on AA therapy (mCRPC first-line, CRPC-rPFS on AA)	[55]
	rs743572	10	G	0.394	64	Caucasian	No significant associations between these polymorphisms and clinical outcome	[56]
	rs10883783		A	0.298
	rs17115100		T	0.102
	rs284849		T	0.177
CYP17A1	copy number variations	10	-	-	53	NA	Associated with the prognosis of mCRPC patients treated with Abi	[53]
AKR1C3	Over expression	10	-	-	117	Chinese	CRPC-Resistance to abiraterone acetate	[73]
SRD5A2	rs523349	2	C	0.446	86	Japanese	A worse prognosis in metastatic prostate cancer men for primary ADT	[76]
	rs2300700	2	A	0.459	322	Spanish	No significant associations between the SNP and outcomes in mCRPC patients (more line therapy 66)	[32]
SRD5A1	rs3822430	5	G	0.379	322	Spanish	Showed a significant association with OS	[32]
	rs3736316	5	A	0.399	322	Spanish	Showed a significant association with OS	[32]
GNRH2	rs6051545	20	T	0.417	80	Japanese	Higher serum testosterone	[78]
AR	[2105T>A (p.L702H)]	X	-	-	37	Caucasian	Resistance to abiraterone	[78]
	[2632A>G (p.T878A)]	X	-	-	37	Caucasian	Resistance to Abi	[78]
	AR-V7	X	-	-	31	Caucasian	Positive patients had lower PSA response rates than negative	[17]
	AR-V9	X	-	-	12	NA	ARV9 expression in metastases related to inital resistance to AA/P	[110]
	AR gene amplification	X	-	-	12	NA	AA drug resistance (shorter mPSA-PFS and mrPFS)	[110]
SMAD3	upregulated	15	-	-	18	NA	Drug-resistant	[108]
CCND1	signaling was enriched	11	-	-	18	NA	Drug-resistant	[108]
DKK4, SFRP2, LRP6	-	8, 4, 12	-	-	92	NA	WNT pathway activation resistance in mCRPC	[111]
SPOP/CHDI	Mutations/loss	17	-	-	89	N	A higher response rate to Abi	[118]
FOLH1, KLK3, NPY	negative	11/19/7	-	-	50	NA	Patients with biomarker-negative platelets had the best outcome. FOLH1 and NPY provided Independent predictive information in PFS. KLK2, KLK3, and FOLH1 were associated with short OS	[127]
TSPYL1	rs3828743	6	-	A	87	NA	Reduced abiraterone concentrations and increased cell proliferation	[120]
UGT1A4	-	2	-	-	5	MA	GLucuronide derivatives are detected at variable levels in circulation of treated prostate cancer patients	[121]

SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; CHR: chromosome; MAF: minor allele frequency in Caucasian population. Available online: NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp) ; NA: not available.