Table 1.
Demographic and clinical factors and their association with bacterial growth/isolation in cancer patients who had undergone urine culture in B.P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal between July 2018 to June 2019 (n = 308).
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics | Total | Culture-Positive | Culture-Positive Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Culture Positive Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) * | n | (%) # | ||||
| Total | 308 | (100) | 73 | (24) | |||
| Age | |||||||
| <15 years | 71 | (23) | 8 | (11) | Ref | Ref | |
| 15–29 years | 52 | (17) | 12 | (23) | 2.04 (0.90–4.65) | 1.32 (0.50–3.45) | 0.57 |
| 30–44 years | 40 | (13) | 10 | (25) | 2.21 (0.95–5.17) | 1.14 (0.40–3.23) | 0.79 |
| 45–59 years | 64 | (21) | 16 | (25) | 2.21 (1.02–4.83) | 1.18 (0.43–3.22) | 0.73 |
| ≥60 years | 81 | (26) | 27 | (33) | 2.95 (1.43–6.09) | 1.43 (0.54–3.79) | 0.46 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 192 | (62) | 43 | (22) | Ref | ||
| Female | 116 | (38) | 30 | (26) | 1.15 (0.77–1.73) | 1.30 (0.77–2.18) | 0.32 |
| Classification of Cancer | |||||||
| Hematological | 123 | (40) | 14 | (11) | Ref | Ref | |
| Solid | 178 | (58) | 57 | (32) | 2.81 (1.64–4.82) | 2.24 (0.69–7.20) | 0.17 |
| Not available | 7 | (2) | 2 | (29) | 2.51 (0.70–8.96) | Not estimated | |
| Duration diagnosis | |||||||
| <1 year | 98 | (32) | 21 | (21) | Ref | Ref | |
| 1–2 years | 161 | (52) | 41 | (25) | 1.18 (0.74–1.88) | 1.37 (0.77–2.43) | 0.27 |
| >2 years | 49 | (16) | 11 | (22) | 1.04 (0.54–1.99) | 1.18 (0.50–2.78) | 0.70 |
| Cancer stage | |||||||
| Stage I | 6 | (2) | 3 | (50) | 2.19 (0.95–5.04) | 3.66 (0.98–13.65) | 0.05 |
| Stage II | 14 | (5) | 5 | (36) | 1.56 (0.74–3.28) | 1.19 (0.45–3.16) | 0.72 |
| Stage III | 8 | (3) | 1 | (13) | 0.54 (0.08–3.49) | 0.36 (0.04–2.86) | 0.33 |
| Stage IV | 21 | (7) | 5 | (24) | 1.04 (0.47–2.32) | 1.11 (0.41–2.99) | 0.82 |
| Not recorded | 259 | (84) | 59 | (23) | Ref | Ref | |
| Type of cancer treatment | |||||||
| Only chemotherapy | 139 | (45) | 18 | (13) | Ref | Ref | |
| Only surgery | 43 | (14) | 18 | (42) | 3.23 (1.85–5.64) | 1.88 (0.60–5.81) | 0.27 |
| Only radiation | 6 | (2) | 2 | (33) | 2.57 (0.76–8.65) | 1.92 (0.34–10.67) | 0.45 |
| Surgery + chemotherapy | 62 | (20) | 18 | (29) | 2.24 (1.25–4.01) | 1.23 (0.41–3.65) | 0.70 |
| Chemotherapy + radiation | 14 | (5) | 4 | (29) | 2.20 (0.86–5.62) | 1.36 (0.34–5.37) | 0.65 |
| Surgery + radiation | 13 | (4) | 3 | (23) | 1.78 (0.60–5.26) | 0.86 (0.18–4.10) | 0.85 |
| Surgery + chemotherapy + radiation | 15 | (5) | 8 | (53) | 4.11 (2.17–7.82) | 2.33 (0.66–8.20) | 0.18 |
| Not recorded/not initiated on Rx | 16 | (5) | 2 | (13) | 0.96 (0.24–3.79) | 8.11 (not estimated) | 0.98 |
| Febrile at the time of urine collection | |||||||
| No | 48 | (16) | 8 | (17) | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 121 | (39) | 31 | (26) | 1.53 (0.76–3.10) | 2.62 (0.95–7.25) | 0.06 |
| Not recorded | 139 | (45) | 34 | (24) | 1.46 (0.73–2.95) | 2.49 (0.84–7.37) | 0.09 |
| Antibiotics prescribed prior test for suspected UTI | |||||||
| Yes | 61 | (20) | 19 | (31) | Ref | Ref | |
| No | 50 | (16) | 9 | (18) | 0.57 (0.28–1.16) | 0.70 (0.29–1.67) | 0.43 |
| Not recorded | 197 | (64) | 45 | (23) | 0.73 (0.46–1.15) | 0.66 (0.29–1.52) | 0.33 |
* Column percentage, # Row percentage. CI: confidence interval; Rx: treatment; UTI: urinary tract infection.