Table 1.
Demographics, Pain Assessments, and Clinical Features
| Characteristic | PF Pain (n = 20) | Controls (n = 20) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 13.7 ± 1.3 | 13.6 ± 1.3 | 0.728 |
| Age Range (yrs) | 10.3 – 15.7 | 10.2 – 15.9 | - |
| Height (cm) | 160.4 ± 8.0 | 159.2 ± 9.0 | 0.675 |
| Weight (kg) | 49.5 ± 7.1 | 53.2 ± 10.9 | 0.216 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.2 ± 2.3 | 20.9 ± 3.5 | 0.086 |
| Impact Physical Activities (hr/wk) | 7.5 ± 6.3 | 6.4 ± 4.6 | 0.567 |
| Non-impact Physical Activities (hr/wk) | 2.6 ± 3.8 | 3.5 ± 5.6 | 0.594 |
| Kujala Score (out of 100) | 61.5 ± 14.8 | 100 | - |
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (out of 10) | |||
| Pain on an average day | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 0 | - |
| Pain at the end of the day | 5.0 ± 3.1 | 0 | - |
| Pain during provocative activities | 7.6 ± 1.8 | 0 | - |
| Positive J-sign | 13 | - | |
| Positive Apprehension Test | 7 | NA | - |
| Lateral Hypermobility (mm) | 6.7 ± 3.1 | - | |
| Q-angle (°) | 13.5 ± 4.0 | - |
Where appropriate, data reported as mean ± 1 SD
All participants were female.
Impact activities require the lower extremities to repeatedly absorb a ground reactive force exceeding body weight (e.g., running, field sports. basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, etc.).
Non-impact activities require the lower extremities to repeatedly absorb a ground reactive force less than body weight (e.g., elliptical training, swimming, biking, etc.).
Kujala score33: measure of anterior knee functional pain; 0 indicates worst function.
VAS score43: 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates worst pain.
PF = patellofemoral; BMI = body mass index; NA = not applicable.