Table 1.
Case Characteristics by Survival to Hospital Discharge
| Resuscitated SCA |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Characteristics | Total (n=133) | SCA Non-survivor (n=86) | SCA Survivor (n=47) | P-Value (Non-survivor vs Survivor) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 67.4 (16.3) | 70.5 (16.1) | 60.3 (15.9) | <0.01 |
| Male, no. (%) | 87 (65.4) | 53 (61.6) | 34 (72.3) | 0.21 |
| Race / Ethnicity no. (%) | ||||
| Asian | 42 (31.6) | 30 (34.9) | 12 (25.5) | 0.27 |
| Black | 17 (12.8) | 12 (14) | 5 (10.6) | 0.58 |
| Hispanic | 12 (9) | 8 (9.3) | 4 (8.5) | 0.88 |
| White | 43 (32.3) | 21 (24.4) | 22 (46.8) | 0.01 |
| Other | 16 (12) | 12 (14) | 4 (8.5) | 0.42 |
| EMS Response Time (minutes), mean (SD) | 5.5 (3.6) | 5.9 (3.4) | 5 (3.7) | 0.23 |
| Cooling, no. (%) | 48 (36.1) | 25 (29.1) | 23 (49) | 0.02 |
| Witnessed, no. (%) | 81 (60.9) | 47 (54.7) | 34 (71.7) | 0.05 |
| Initial Rhythm, no. (%) | ||||
| Agonal/idioventricular | 3 (2.3) | 4 (4.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0.66 |
| Asystole | 22 (16.5) | 24 (27.9) | 3 (6.4) | <0.01 |
| NSR | 11 (8.3) | 9 (10.5) | 2 (4.3) | 0.33 |
| PEA | 13 (12.8) | 12 (13.9) | 1 (2.1) | 0.03 |
| VT/VF | 55 (41.4) | 18 (20.9) | 37 (78.7) | <0.01 |
| Other | 4 (3) | 4 (4.7) | 0 | |
| History of, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 74 (55.6) | 53 (61.6) | 21 (44.6) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 35 (26.3) | 23 (26.7) | 12 (25.5) | 0.88 |
| Dyslipidemia | 44 (33.1) | 29 (33.7) | 15 (31.9) | 0.83 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 14 (10.5) | 7 (8.1) | 7 (14.9) | 0.23 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 24 (18) | 19 (22.1) | 5 (10.6) | 0.10 |
| Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter | 21 (15.8) | 16 (18.6) | 5 (10.6) | 0.23 |
| Aortic Stenosis | 7 (5.3) | 6 (7) | 1 (2.1) | 0.42 |
| HIV | 4 (3) | 2 (2.3) | 2 (4.3) | 0.61 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 11 (8.3) | 9 (10.5) | 2 (4.3) | 0.33 |
| Seizure | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | |
| Psychiatric Illness | 14 (10.5) | 10 (11.6) | 4 (8.5) | 0.77 |
| COPD | 6 (4.5) | 4 (4.7) | 2 (4.3) | 0.92 |
| Non-metastatic Cancer | 12 (9) | 9 (10.5) | 3 (6.4) | 0.54 |
| Prior Stroke | 19 (14.3) | 18 (20.9) | 1 (2.1) | <0.01 |
| Migraines | 3 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (4.3) | 0.25 |
| Alcohol Use, no. (%) | 26 (19.5) | 15 (17.4) | 11 (23.4) | 0.41 |
| Tobacco Use, no. (%) | 27 (20.3) | 19 (22.1) | 8 (17) | 0.49 |
| Illicit Drug Use, no. (%) | 3 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (4.3) | 0.25 |
| Medications, no. (%) | ||||
| Anticoagulation | 21 (15.8) | 16 (18.6) | 5 (10.6) | 0.23 |
| Anti-platelet | 26 (19.5) | 15 (17.4) | 11 (23.4) | 0.41 |
| ACE/ARB | 32 (24.1) | 19 (22.1) | 13 (27.7) | 0.47 |
| Diuretic | 18 (13.5) | 11 (12.8) | 7 (14.9) | 0.73 |
| Beta Blocker | 32 (24.1) | 21 (24.4) | 11 (23.4) | 0.90 |
| Statin | 33 (24.8) | 20 (23.3) | 13 (27.7) | 0.57 |
| CCB | 13 (9.8) | 12 (14) | 1 (2.1) | 0.03 |
| Amlodipine | 9 (6.8) | 9 (10.5) | 0 | |
| Nifedipine | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | |
| Diltiazem | 2(1.5) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (2.1) | |
| Metformin | 10 (7.5) | 5 (5.8) | 5 (10.6) | 0.32 |
| PPI | 13 (9.8) | 8 (9.3) | 5 (10.6) | 0.77 |
| SSRI | 8 (6) | 8 (9.3) | 0 | 0.05 |
| Insulin | 4 (3) | 4 (4.7) | 0 | 0.30 |
| Anti-epileptic | 2 (1.5) | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 0.54 |
| Bronchodilator | 4 (3) | 3 (3.5) | 1 (2.1) | 0.66 |
| Methadone/opiate | 5 (3.8) | 4 (4.7) | 1 (2.1) | 0.46 |
| ARV | 4 (3) | 1 (1.2) | 3 (6.4) | 0.13 |
A Bolded P-values are less than or equal to 0.05. ACE= Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, ARB= Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, ARV= Antiretroviral, CCB=Calcium Channel Blocker, COPD= Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, HIV= Human Immunodeficiency Virus, NSR= Normal Sinus Rhythm, PEA= Pulseless Electrical Activity, PPI= Proton Pump Inhibitor, SSRI=Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, VT/VF= Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation.