Table 1.
No. of studies (N) | n/N | Percentage (95% CI) (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic combination situation (23) | |||
Single use of antibiotic | 23 | 28467/36751 | 74.8 (68.2-81.3) |
Combined use of antibiotic | 23 | 8284/36751 | 25.2 (18.7-31.8) |
Economic zone (35) | |||
Eastern | 24 | 74716/134667 | 59.8 (49.3-70.2) |
Central | 4 | 4363/5244 | 80.0 (67.2-92.8) |
Western | 7 | 5371/8540 | 70.0 (56.1-83.9) |
Study setting (35) | |||
Urban | 29 | 68961/118022 | 64.1 (54.4-73.8) |
Rural | 6 | 15489/30429 | 63.1 (44.3-82.0) |
Hospital level (35) | |||
Level 3 | 19 | 61551/103670 | 64.0 (54.9-73.0) |
Level 2 | 9 | 14214/33478 | 57.3 (37.1-77.6) |
Level 1 | 8 | 8658/11303 | 71.3 (63.0-79.6) |
Study period (33) | |||
2010-2011 | 15 | 66803/10992 | 68.5 (58.5-78.4) |
2012-2013 | 9 | 10607/22511 | 54.5 (35.0-74.1) |
2014-2015 | 12 | 16919/31424 | 65.2 (49.3-81.1) |
2016-2018 | 7 | 24033/39501 | 68.6 (59.0-78.1) |
Sample size (35) | |||
≤5000 | 29 | 31832/55737 | 64.8 (53.5-76.1) |
>5000 | 6 | 52618/92714 | 57.7 (39.3-76.0) |
N: Sample Size; n: Number of Children with Antibiotics; random-effect meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall pooled prevalence of antibiotic utilization. For studies reported different economic zone, study setting, hospital level, study period, sample size, we conducted meta- analysis more than once. Two studies study period was in 2009, therefore, there were 33 studies included subgroup analysis of study period.