Table 2.

The prevalence of inpatient antibiotic utilization by antibiotic combination situation, economic zone, study setting, and hospital level.

	No. of studies (N)	n/N	Percentage (95% CI) (%)
Antibiotic combination situation (31)
Single use of antibiotic	31	14591/24236	59.8 (51.0-68.6)
Combined use of antibiotic	31	9654/24236	40.2 (31.4-49.0)
Economic zone (41)
Eastern	25	29815/36466	81.0 (77.3-84.7)
Central	9	17707/22043	78.9 (71.9-86.0)
Western	13	23205/32583	80.5 (71.2-89.8)
Study setting (41)
Urban	40	4420/58190	81.7 (77.5-86.0)
Rural	2	219/296	76.3 (62.3-90.3)
Hospital level (41)
Level 3	31	41159/54494	79.7 (74.7-84.6)
Level 2	11	3437/3947	85.5 (81.6-89.5)
Level 1	1	43/45	95.6(-)
Study period (35)
2010-2011	22	30276/40486	82.9 (77.4-88.3)
2012-2013	11	10748/12445	87.9 (84.3-91.4)
2014-2015	8	9232/11193	82.9 (75.8-89.9)
2016-2017	6	5801/ 8209	67.6 (57.1-78.1)
2018-2019	4	3506/4351	82.3 (72.9-91.7)
Sample size (41)
≤1000	27	12534/15777	81.0 (76.8-85.3)
>1000	15	32105/42709	82.0 (73.9-90.2)

N: Sample Size; n: Number of Children with Antibiotics; random-effect meta-analysis was used to calculate the overall pooled prevalence of antibiotic utilization. For studies reported different economic zone, study setting, hospital level, study period, sample size, we conducted meta- analysis more than once. Six studies study period was before 2010, therefore, there were 35 studies included subgroup analysis of study period.