Table 1.

Characteristics of observational trials included in the meta-analysis

Study	Country	Men/Patients (n/n)	BMI (kg/m2)	Mean age (yrs)	Baseline comorbidities and ward/room	Mean IAP	How and when IAP was measured	IAH definition	Concomitant treatment	Outcome	Outcome definition
Talizin et al.18, 2017	Brazil	33/46	NR	41	Burns; in an ICU room	15.0 mmHg	Measurement was within 3 hours of admission; the AbViser measurement system was used.	≥12 mm Hg	Vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, glycopeptides, polymyxin	AKI	KDIGO (2012)
Ruiz-Castilla et al.7, 2014	Spain	21/25	24.5	42	Cancer, hypertension, ischemic cardiopathy; in the Burns Unit	13 mmHg	Measurement was every 6 hours during the 5-day study period; a closed measurement system (Abdo-Pressure™, ConvatecSL, Espana) was used.	≥12 mm Hg	Mechanical ventilation, crystalloids	Renal failure	Plasma creatinine >1.5 mg/dL during first 5 days of admission
Dalfino et al.19, 2008	Turkey	78/123	NR	62	Chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease; in a mixed ICU room.	12 mmHg	Measurements were performed on admission and at least every 24 hours; a Foley bladder catheter was used.	≥12 mm Hg	Diuretics. CRRT, crystalloids	RIFLE	ADQI (2004)
Mazzeffi et al.1, 2016	USA	29/42	29.1 ± 5.2	61	Chronic lung disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease; in the general ward	NR	Measurements were prior to surgery; immediately after surgery in the operating room; and 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery; bladder pressure was used.	≥12 mm Hg	NR	RIFLE	ADQI (2004)
Demarchi et al.17, 2014	USA	35/60	26 ± 5.0	59	NR; in an ICU room	NR	Measurements were at admission to the ICU; bladder pressure was used.	≥12 mm Hg	NR	AKI	KDIGO (2012)
Tyagi et al.14, 2018	India	0/48	22.2 ± 3	25	NR; in an ICU room	NR	Measurements were twice daily; a Foley bladder catheter was used.	≥12 mm Hg	NR	AKI	KDIGO (2012)

BMI, body mass index; IAP, IAH, intra-abdominal hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; AKI, acute kidney injury; NR, not reported; KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; ADQI, Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative; RIFLE, Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, and End-stage Kidney Disease.