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. 2021 May 30;17:17448069211020918. doi: 10.1177/17448069211020918

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© The Author(s) 2021

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 5. — GT1b and CSF-1 activate spinal cord microglia in concert in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Peripheral nerve injury induces GT1b and CSF-1 in DRG neurons, which is then transported to and released in the spinal cord dorsal horn. GT1b activates microglial TLR2 and induces pain-relevant inflammatory mediators without affecting cell proliferation. CSF-1 activates CSF receptor and induces microglia proliferation. Therefore, GT1b and CSF-1 activate spinal cord microglia in concert with distinct activation pathways during nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.