TABLE 2.
Biomarker concentrations (medians and IQRs) at diagnosis and 6 months after diagnosis and standardized changes (means and SDs) of concentrations between diagnosis and 6 months in colorectal cancer patients included in the FOCUS consortium, for the total population and stratified by cohort
| Total folate,1 nmol/L | Folic acid,2 nmol/L | Total homocysteine, µmol/L | Methionine, µmol/L | Riboflavin, nmol/L | Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, nmol/L | HKr3 | Cobalamin, pmol/L | Methylmalonic acid, µmol/L | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population,4n = 1089 | |||||||||
| At diagnosis | 13.26 | 0.00 | 11.63 | 25.57 | 13.65 | 41.65 | 0.35 | 395 | 0.21 |
| (9.15–20.03) | (0.00–0.00) | (9.71–14.41) | (21.38–31.25) | (8.84–23.23) | (29.59–61.98) | (0.29–0.43) | (316–490) | (0.17–0.26) | |
| 6 months | 12.76 | 0.00 | 11.75 | 28.44 | 14.06 | 42.30 | 0.36 | 381 | 0.20 |
| (8.69–19.04) | (0.00–0.00) | (9.77–14.63) | (24.42–33.46) | (9.05–23.25) | (29.25–62.85) | (0.28–0.44) | (302–482) | (0.17–0.26) | |
| Z-score of change5 | −0.05 ± 0.81 | −0.01 ± 1.01 | −0.04 ± 0.72 | +0.01 ± 0.86 | −0.03 ± 0.83 | −0.03 ± 0.92 | +0.02 ± 0.95 | +0.00 ± 0.94 | +0.02 ± 0.44 |
| COLON, n = 774 | |||||||||
| At diagnosis | 12.20 | 0.00 | 11.32 | 25.48 | 13.70 | 42.10 | 0.36 | 405 | 0.20 |
| (8.50–18.35) | (0.00–0.00) | (9.54–14.10) | (21.23–31.14) | (8.76–21.80) | (30.70–63.0) | (0.28–0.44) | (326–499) | (0.17–0.26) | |
| 6 months | 12.16 | 0.00 | 11.51 | 28.62 | 14.25 | 43.20 | 0.34 | 395 | 0.20 |
| (8.51–18.01) | (0.00–0.00) | (9.60–14.13) | (24.06–34.12) | (9.20–24.00) | (29.58–64.70) | (0.28–0.43) | (316–498) | (0.17–0.26) | |
| Z-score of change5 | −0.05 ± 0.73 | +0.01 ± 0.75 | −0.07 ± 0.61 | +0.06 ± 0.89 | −0.01 ± 0.87 | −0.03 ± 1.00 | −0.04 ± 0.95 | +0.01 ± 0.94 | +0.02 ± 0.47 |
| EnCoRe, n = 232 | |||||||||
| At diagnosis | 13.81 | 0.00 | 12.41 | 25.84 | 11.80 | 43.05 | 0.34 | 383 | 0.22 |
| (9.89–18.94) | (0.00–0.00) | (10.39–14.89) | (22.22–32.17) | (8.27–23.45) | (28.95–60.90) | (0.29–0.40) | (311–469) | (0.18–0.28) | |
| 6 months | 12.22 | 0.00 | 12.25 | 27.71 | 11.40 | 41.70 | 0.37 | 355 | 0.21 |
| (8.29–17.76) | (0.00–0.00) | (10.26–15.26) | (25.04–30.50) | (7.64–19.73) | (28.85–58.78) | (0.31–0.47) | (282–431) | (0.16–0.28) | |
| Z-score of change5 | −0.19 ± 0.43 | −0.10 ± 1.65 | −0.03 ± 0.71 | −0.21 ± 0.71 | −0.12 ± 0.69 | −0.07 ± 0.66 | +0.23 ± 0.99 | −0.14 ± 0.88 | −0.01 ± 0.36 |
| ColoCare, n = 83 | |||||||||
| At diagnosis | 23.87 | 0.00 | 12.26 | 24.78 | 18.88 | 31.80 | 0.38 | 318 | 0.20 |
| (19.04–32.70) | (0.00–0.00) | (10.46–16.62) | (21.62–29.81) | (12.69–29.20) | (22.10–46.10) | (0.32–0.46) | (243–455) | (0.17–0.24) | |
| 6 months | 23.94 | 0.00 | 13.50 | 31.08 | 22.60 | 35.20 | 0.38 | 334 | 0.21 |
| (16.54–44.79) | (0.00–0.00) | (10.67–18.01) | (26.92–36.04) | (14.15–29.70) | (25.30–58.20) | (0.31–0.46) | (277–451) | (0.18–0.27) | |
| Z-score of change5 | +0.30 ± 1.70 | +0.08 ± 0.74 | +0.20 ± 1.39 | +0.18 ± 0.78 | +0.09 ± 0.79 | +0.08 ± 0.84 | +0.03 ± 0.77 | +0.28 ± 1.08 | +0.06 ± 0.32 |
Abbreviations: COLON, COlorectal cancer: Longitudinal, Observational study on Nutritional and lifestyle factors that influence colorectal tumour recurrence, survival and quality of life; EnCoRe, Energy for life after ColoRectal cancer; FOCUS, biomarkers related to folate-dependent 1-carbon metabolism in colorectal cancer recurrence and survival; HKr, hydroxykynurenine ratio.
Total folate was analyzed as the sum of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 4-α-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
Folic acid is only detectable after intake of dietary supplements or fortified foods, and may end up in the circulation in case of excessive intake of folic acid and dihydrofolate reductase inactivity.
HKr was analyzed as a marker of functional vitamin B6 status and calculated as 3-hydroxykynurenine: (kynurenic acid + xanthurenic acid + 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid + anthranilic acid).
Data are given for the 1089 participants included in the analyses for B-vitamin biomarkers and health-related quality of life.
Changes were calculated by subtracting biomarker concentrations at diagnosis from concentrations at 6 months and standardized by subtracting the mean change and dividing by the population SD of change scores.