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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Feb 11;75(5):539–555. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.046

FIGURE 1. The Adiposity-, Dysglycemia-, and Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease Models.

FIGURE 1

Four distinct chronic disease stages are based on a logical clustering of pathophysiological events for ABCD, DBCD, and CMBCD models. Shaded areas and arrows indicate main causal relationships: abnormal adiposity to insulin resistance to dysglycemia to cardiovascular disease. Asterisks indicate exertions of other metabolic syndrome traits. ABCD = adiposity-based chronic disease; AF = atrial fibrillation; CHD = coronary heart disease; CMBCD = cardiometabolic-based chronic disease; DBCD = dysglycemia-based chronic disease; HF = heart failure; LA = left atrial; LV = left ventricular.