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Mitochondrial and cytosolic one-carbon metabolism generates NADPH. The one-carbon amino acids serine and glycine can feed into folate cycle to generate NADPH. The cytosolic enzyme MTHFD1 and mitochondrial matrix enzymes MTHFD1L, MTHFD2L, and ALDH1L2 generate NADPH. One-carbon metabolism is a significant source of NADPH in the mitochondria. GCS, glycine cleavage system.
