Table I.
Summary of patient demographic data, comorbidities, surgery, and outcomes.
| Parameter | Pre-COVID-19 (n = 827) |
COVID-19 (n = 224) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | 0.032* | ||
| < 30 yrs | 4 (0.5) | 0 (0) | |
| 31 to 50 yrs | 63 (8) | 8 (4) | |
| 51 to 70 yrs | 422 (51) | 105 (47) | |
| > 70 yrs | 338 (41) | 111 (50) | |
| Mean age, yrs (range) | 66.8 (17 to 96) | 69.4 (35 to 91) | 0.002† |
| Median age, yrs (IQR) | 68 (60 to 75) | 70 (63 to 76) | 0.005‡ |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.001* | ||
| Females | 464 (56) | 154 (69) | |
| Males | 363 (44) | 70 (31) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.900* | ||
| Non - Diabetic | 706 (85) | 192 (86) | |
| Non - Insulin dep | 115 (14) | 31 (14) | |
| Insulin dep | 6 (1) | 1 (0.4) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | 0.004* | ||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 4 (0.5) | 7 (3) | |
| Normal (18.5 to 24.9) | 109 (13) | 40 (18) | |
| Overweight (25 to 29.9) | 286 (35) | 66 (30) | |
| Class I Obese (30 to 34.9) | 259 (31) | 59 (26) | |
| Class II Obese (35 to 39.9) | 111 (13) | 30 (13) | |
| Class III Obese (> 40) | 20 (2) | 6 (3) | |
| Not available | 38 (5) | 16 (7) | |
| ASA grade n (%) | 0.020* | ||
| 1 to 2 | 714 (86) | 178 (79) | |
| 3 to 5 | 113 (14) | 46 (20) | |
| Procedure urgency, n (%) | < 0.001* | ||
| Elective | 803 (97) | 167 (75) | |
| Non-elect emergency | 24 (3) | 57 (25) | |
| Anaesthetic type, n (%) | < 0.001* | ||
| General anaesthetic | 790 (96) | 182 (81) | |
| Spinal with/without sedation | 8 (1) | 31 (14) | |
| GA+ spinal | 29 (3) | 11 (5) | |
| CCI score, n (%) | 0.077* | ||
| 0 to 2 | 383 (46) | 82 (37) | |
| 3 to 4 | 329 (40) | 105 (47) | |
| 5 to 6 | 56 (7) | 20 (9) | |
| > 6 | 59 (7) | 17 (7) | |
| Length of stay, days, n (%) | 0.062* | ||
| 0 to 7 | 730 (88) | 183 (82) | |
| 8 to 14 | 66 (8) | 29 (13) | |
| 15 to 21 | 18 (2) | 5 (2) | |
| 22 to 28 | 4 (0) | 4 (2) | |
| > 28 | 9 (1) | 3 (1) | |
| Mean (range) | 4.6 (0 to 76) | 5.4 (1 to 72) | 0.096† |
| Median | 3 | 3 | 0.556‡ |
| 30-day readmissions, n (%) | 10 (1.2) | 3 (1.3) | 0.809* |
| Mortality within 30 days, n (%) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0.512* |
| Mortality beyond 30 days, n (%) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0.616* |
| Complications n (%) | |||
| Deep infection | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.9) | 0.306* |
| Dislocations | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 0.780* |
| PE | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
| Stroke | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | N/A |
| COVID-19 diagnosis, n (%) | N/A | ||
| Negative | N/A | 41 (18) | |
| Positive postop | N/A | 6 (3) | |
| Not tested | N/A | 177 (79) |
*
Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.
†
Independent-samples t-test.
‡
Mann-Whitney U test.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; dep, dependent; IQR, interquartile range; N/A, not applicable; PE, pulmonary embolism.