EXHIBIT 1.
Demographic characteristics of individuals in the US with opioid use disorder referred to treatment, by treatment referral source, 2008–17
| Demographic variables | Criminal justice referral (n = 674,744) |
Other referral (n = 2,534,947) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||
| 18–24 | 23.4% | 17.9% |
| 25–39 | 55.3 | 51.0 |
| 40–54 | 18.2 | 23.6 |
| 55+ | 3.1 | 7.5 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 64.6 | 60.7 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 9.6 | 12.1 |
| Hispanic | 14.7 | 14.3 |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| Other | 8.7 | 10.3 |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 29.4 | 27.0 |
| High school complete | 47.8 | 45.2 |
| Some college or more | 21.0 | 24.8 |
| Employment | ||
| Not employed | 78.4 | 80.9 |
| Employed | 21.6 | 19.1 |
| Census region | ||
| Northeast | 40.0 | 42.8 |
| Midwest | 20.5 | 17.5 |
| South | 20.3 | 22.6 |
| West | 19.2 | 17.1 |
| Service setting | ||
| Residential | 26.0 | 23.8 |
| Ambulatory | 74.0 | 76.2 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of information for 2008–17 from the Treatment Episode Data Set–Admissions, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. NOTE Criminal justice includes referral from police, probation officers, judges, prosecutors, driving under the influence/driving while impaired court, or parole board.