Table 3.

A systematic review of qualitative studies investigating the intersection of gender and drug use stigma from the interpersonal perspective (n = 7).

Interpersonal Perspective of Stigma
#	First author (year)	Study characteristics				Participant characteristics			Theme(s)	Quality Score
		n	Population	Location	Method	Age	Gender	Race/Ethnicity
41	McKenna (2011)	10 novels, 3 seasons of Breaking Bad, 8 movies, 6 TV episodes	Media portrayals of meth use.	United States	Content analysis of popular media.	NR	NR	NR	Theme: Societal Expectations of Womanhood Code - Cleanliness/Attractiveness	8
41	Myers (2009)	20	Key informants from a Historically Disadvantaged Community	Cape Town, South Africa	In-depth interviews.	NR	NR	NR	Theme: Societal Expectations of Womanhood Code- Morality	8
43	Beckerleg (2008)	300 (survey)	Producers and consumers of khat	Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda	Field work and survey interviews.	NR	NR	NR	Theme: Stereotypes of Promiscuity for WWUD; Societal Expectations of Womanhood Code - Morality	6
44	Deng (2007)	34	HIV+ PWUD, their family members, and key informants in the Dai community	Yunnan, China	Participatory observations, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, & community mapping.	Range: 25–51	7.7% women, 92.3% men	NR	Theme: Societal Expectations of Womanhood Code - Motherhood	9
45	Laudet (1999)	62	Male partners of crack-dependent mothers	New York City, NY (US)	Semi-structured life history interviews.	Range: 21–58	100% men	81% African American, 13% Hispanic, 6% White	Theme: Stereotypes of Promiscuity for WWUD; Societal Expectations of Womanhood Codes - Motherhood & Cleanliness/Attractiveness	8
46	Fielder (2005)	25	People who use drugs (HIV+ and HIV−)	Connecticut (US)	Mixed methods study with qualitative focus groups.	NR	60% wer women	NR	Theme: Substance Use Stigma for Women in Health Care	8
47	Greenfield (2014)	32	Substance use treatment agencies/stakeholder	Albuquerque, NM (US)	Semi-structured interviews.	NR	NR	NR	Theme: Substance Use Stigma for Women in Health Care	8

^*NR = Not Reported.