TABLE 2.
Sex Differences for the Study Variables
| Mean, % | SD | Mean, % | SD | Difference Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Male | Female | Female | ||
| 1. GAD | 2.03 | 3.56 | 3.25 | 4.14 | t(203) = −2.06, p < 0.05 |
| 2. Resilience | 3.99 | 0.62 | 3.83 | 0.63 | t(203) = 1.72, p = 0.87 |
| 3. ArtE | 4.44 | 1.24 | 4.68 | 1.15 | t(197) = −1.38, p = 0.17 |
| 4. Age | 73.48 | 6.62 | 71.75 | 5.00 | t(203) = 2.08, p < 0.05 |
| 5. Marital statusa | 88.1 | — | 65.9 | χ2 = (1,205) = 11.24, p < 0.001 | |
| 6. Educationb | 70.1 | — | 69.3 | χ2 = (1,204) = 0.14, p = 0.90 | |
| 7. Self-rated healthc | 3.22 | 0.94 | 3.78 | 0.88 | t(202) = −4.16, p < 0.001 |
| 8. Economic situationd | 3.64 | 0.83 | 3.69 | 0.90 | t(202) = −0.40, p = 0.69 |
| 9. Chronical medical conditione | 34.4 | — | 58.1 | χ2 = (1,197) = 9.43, p < 0.01 | |
| 10. Exposure to COVID-19–related situationsf | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.16 | 1.076 | t(203) = −0.25, p = 0.25 |
| 11. Behavioral changeg | 8.51 | 2.07 | 8.10 | 2.48 | t(203) = 1.15, p = 0.81 |
ArtE indicates frequency of attending arts-based events; GAD, general anxiety disorder; Resilience, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.
aMarital status = currently married or living with a partner.
bEducation = tertiary education.
cHigher score (range, 1–5) means better health.
dThe score ranged from 1 to 5. Higher score (range, 1–5) means better economic situation.
eWithout diagnosis of chronic medical conditions.
fHigher score (range, 1–6) means greater exposure to COVID-19–related risk situations.
gHigher score (range, 1–11) means greater changes in behavior due to the pandemic.