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. 2021 Mar 18;41(2):130–138. doi: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000339

TABLE 3.

Definitions of Each System Level Within Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model

System Level Definition*
Microsystem The setting containing the individual, defined as a place in which the individual engages in particular activities within a particular role.
Mesosystem The interrelations between the microsystem settings of the individual, ie, “system of microsystems”
Exosystem A system of social structures in which the individual does not reside, but is nonetheless influenced and impinged on by activities within this system.
Macrosystem The overarching institutions that determine the culture and subculture of the society of which the lower systems (micro, meso, and exo) are concrete manifestations.
Chronosystem The historical period through which the individual lives, and whose developmental life course is shaped by conditions and events occurring during this historical period
*

Adapted from Bronfenbrenner35 and Rosa and Tudge.43