Figure 5.

Variations of sex development (VSDs). (A) Cryptorchidism: failure of testis to descend with transabdominal or suprascrotal retention. (B) Hypospadias: urethral tube openings that present anywhere along the ventral side of the penis shaft instead of the distal-most tip. (C) Measurement of anogenital distance (AGD): AGD is measured from the center of the anus to the base of the scrotum (anoscrotal) or to the anterior base of the penis (anopenile). A short male AGD is strongly associated with genital malformations at birth and reproductive disorders in adulthood.