Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Population by uACR Category After Propensity Score Matching
| Variables | uACR <30 mg/g | uACR ≥30 mg/g | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 13,987 | 2644 | |
| Age, years | 54.86±8.84 | 59.41±9.88 | <0.001 |
| Men, % | 4592 (32.83%) | 553 (20.92%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.99±3.25 | 24.18±3.72 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 121.00 (110.00–133.00) | 130.00 (116.00–146.00) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.00 (68.00–81.00) | 77.00 (70.00–85.00) | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.83±1.09 | 4.88±1.13 | 0.051 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.44±1.02 | 1.65±1.14 | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.35±0.36 | 1.30±0.33 | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.79±0.85 | 2.80±0.87 | 0.671 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.76±0.59 | 5.78±0.59 | 0.031 |
| PBG, mmol/L | 8.59±1.32 | 8.72±1.25 | 0.014 |
| HbA1c,% | 5.93±0.44 | 6.01±0.48 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin, mU/L | 7.60 (5.50–10.30) | 8.10 (5.80–11.20) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 14.00 (10.00–20.00) | 14.00 (11.00–20.00) | 0.051 |
| AST, U/L | 20.00 (16.00–24.00) | 21.00 (17.00–25.00) | 0.022 |
| GGT, U/L | 18.00 (13.00–27.00) | 19.00 (14.00–29.00) | 0.024 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 118.46 (106.04–132.31) | 113.38 (100.04–127.47) | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 82.00 (75.00–88.00) | 84.05 (78.00–92.00) | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.87 (0.82–0.91) | 0.88 (0.83–0.92) | 0.040 |
| WHtR | 0.51 (0.47–0.54) | 0.53 (0.49–0.58) | 0.035 |
| LAP | 25.02 (14.36–41.72) | 34.02 (19.80–55.67) | <0.001 |
| MI history, % | 0.988 | ||
| Yes | 21 (0.15%) | 5 (0.15%) | |
| No | 13,966 (99.85%) | 2639 (99.85%) | |
| Stroke history, % | 0.253 | ||
| Yes | 91 (0.64%) | 13 (0.45%) | |
| No | 13,896 (99.36%) | 2631 (99.55%) | |
| CVD history, % | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 196 (1.39%) | 73 (2.73%) | |
| No | 13,791 (98.61%) | 2571 (97.27%) | |
| Smoking habits, % | <0.001 | ||
| No | 11,537 (82.47%) | 2354 (89.05%) | |
| Occasional | 356 (2.55%) | 43 (1.64%) | |
| Regular | 2094 (14.97%) | 247 (9.31%) | |
| Drinking habits, % | <0.001 | ||
| No | 9850 (70.42%) | 2116 (80.03%) | |
| Occasional | 3096 (22.14%) | 407 (15.40%) | |
| Regular | 1041 (7.44%) | 121 (4.57%) | |
| DM family history, % | 0.007 | ||
| Yes | 2173 (15.54%) | 357 (13.49%) | |
| No | 11,814 (84.46%) | 2287 (86.51%) | |
| LAP quartiles | <0.001 | ||
| Q1 | 3737 (26.72%) | 412 (15.58%) | |
| Q2 | 3595 (25.70%) | 561 (21.22%) | |
| Q3 | 3473 (24.83%) | 695 (26.29%) | |
| Q4 | 3182 (22.75%) | 976 (36.91%) |
Notes: Data expressed as mean ±SD for continuous variables or median (IQR) for skewed variables and percentage (%) for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: uACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; PBG, 2-h postload blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; ALT, alanine transferase; AST, aspartate transferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; WC, waist circumstance; WHR, waist circumstance to hip circumstance ratio; WHtR, waist circumstance to height ratio; LAP, lipid accumulation product index; MI, myocardial infarction; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.