Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Country | GDM criteria | Cohort size | GDM | Controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM | Controls | Age, y | BMI | NLR | Age, y | BMI | NLR | |||
| Aktulay 2015 [46] | Turkey | Carpenter Coustan | 29 | 29 | 29.3 ± 5.2 | 29.1 ± 5.2 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 27.0 ± 6.1 | 27.1 ± 3.3 | 3.3 ± 0.9 |
| Basu 2018 [47] | India | DIPSI | 114 | 114 | 25.7 ± 4.8 | 22.7 ± 3.9 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | 25.6 ± 4.1 | 1.79 ± 0.5 |
| Dincgez Cakmak 2019 [50] | Turkey | Carpenter Coustan | 60 | 75 | 29.4 ± 5.4 | 27.6 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 28.6 ± 5.4 | 25.6 ± 1.9 | 2.94 ± 0.85 |
| Fashami 2020 [37] | Iran | IADPSG | 110 | 110 | 29.3 ± 5.9 | 25.4 ± 2.8 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 27.9 ± 6.2 | 25.6 ± 2.7 | 3.06 ± 1.04 |
| Liu 2020 [35] | China | IADPSG | 58 | 62 | 29.8 ± 5.1 | 24.5 ± 4.3 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 30.2 ± 4.8 | 25.1 ± 4.3 | 3.00 ± 0.8 |
| Sahbaz 2016 [51] | Turkey | Carpenter Coustan | 59 | 60 | 31.4 ± 5.4 | 26.3 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 26.8 ± 4.1 | 24.4 ± 1.4 | 3.76 ± 1.84 |
| Sargin 2016 [36] | Turkey | Carpenter Coustan | 144 | 304 | 30.9 ± 4.8 | 30.1 ± 1.9 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 27.51 ± 5.22 | 26.21 ± 2.0 | 3.44 ± 1.19 |
| Sun 2020 [48] | China | IADPSG | 200 | 200 | 30.0 ± 5.0 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 29.00 ± 5.00 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 3.45 ± 1.21 |
| Wang 2020 [34] | China | IADPSG | 153 | 172 | 29.1 ± 4.3 | 28.4 ± 3.6 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 27.39 ± 3.31 | 26.6 ± 3.8 | 3.62 ± 0.91 |
| Yang 2015 [49] | China | IADPSG | 302 | 310 | 30.6 ± 4.0 | 21.2 ± 1.8 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 27.0 ± 3.3 | 20.5 ± 2.2 | 3.67 ± 0.28 |
| Yilmaz 2014 [33] | Turkey | Carpenter Coustan | 42 | 68 | 30.4 ± 3.4 | 29.2 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 26.75 ± 3.19 | 24.9 ± 3.0 | 2.26 ± 0.43 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DIPSI, Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IADPSG, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.