Table 1.

The 18 BIC analysed in this study.

BIC name	equation	source impact	kinematics included	FE model	reference
SI	2.1	car crash	Lin. Acc.	—	[35]
HIC	2.2	car crash	Lin. Acc.	—	[21]
GAMBIT	2.3	car crash	Lin. Acc., Ang. Acc.	—	[36]
HIP	2.4	simulation	Lin. Acc., Ang. Acc.	—	[37]
PCS	2.5	football	Lin. Acc., Ang. Acc.	—	[11]
BRIC	2.6	football	Ang. Acc., Ang. Vel.	SIMon [38]	[39]
PRHIC	2.7	football	Ang. Acc.	THUMS [40]	[41]
KLC	2.8	football	Lin. Acc., Ang. Acc.	KTH	[42]
RIC	2.9	football	Ang. Acc.	THUMS	[43]
BrIC	2.10	simulation, football, car crash	Ang. Vel.	GHBMC [44]	[45]
CP	2.11	football	Lin. Acc., Ang. Acc.	—	[10]
RVCI	2.12	car crash	Ang. Vel.a	GHBMC	[46]
CIBIC	—	car crash	Ang. Acc.	GHBMC	[9]
damage	—	idealized impact, football	Ang. Acc.	GHBMC	[7]
BAM	2.13	football, naval sled tests	Ang. Acc.	KTH	[8]
lin_acc_CG_max	—	—	Lin. Acc.	—	—
ang_vel_max	—	—	Ang. Vel.	—	—
ang_acc_max	—	—	Ang. Acc.	—	—

^aThe formula for RVCI is based on the angular acceleration, but the integral of angular acceleration is the change of angular velocity.