. 2020 Nov 27;12(6):1025–1034. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13453

Table 1.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants enrolled in the different treatment groups

	Total type 2 diabetes mellitus	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with only non‐insulinotropic agent (group 1)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with but not limited to insulinotropic agent (group 2)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with but not limited to basal insulin (group 3)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with but not limited to premixed insulin (group 4)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus with but not limited to intensive insulin regimens (group 5)	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (group 6)	P
n	2,395	138	761	100	784	612	612
Male (%)	1,325 (55.3)	86 (62.3)^**	418 (54.9)	56 (56)	435 (55.5)	330 (53.9)	295 (48.2)	0.023
Age (years)	60.6 ± 11.7	55.9 ± 11.8^**	60.9 ± 10.7 ^† ^, ^**	57.8 ± 12.3^**	60.7 ± 11.9 ^† ^,^**	61.5 ± 12.1 ^† ^,^**	45.6 ± 19.5	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	25.2 ± 3.4	27.0 ± 3.6^**	25.1 ± 3.3 ^† ^,^**	25.0 ± 3.6 ^† ^,^**	25.3 ± 3.4 ^† ^,^**	24.8 ± 3.5 ^† ^,^**	21.5 ± 3.3	<0.001
Diabetes duration (years)	8 (3–12)	4 (0.8–7)	6 (2–10) ^† ^,^**	8 (5–11) ^† ^, ^‡ ^,^**	10 (4–14.3) ^† ^, ^‡ ^,^**	10 (3.3–13.8) ^† ^, ^‡ ^,^**	4 (1–10)	<0.001
HbA_1c (%)	8.5 ± 2.0	7.3 ± 1.5^**	7.7 ± 1.6^**	8.4 ± 1.5 ^† ^, ^‡ ^,^**	8.7 ± 1.9 ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^,^**	9.3 ± 2.3 ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^, ^¶	9.2 ± 2.4	<0.001
HbA_1c (mmol/mol)	69 ± 22	57 ± 16^**	61 ± 17^**	68 ± 16 ^† ^, ^‡ ^,^**	72 ± 21 ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^,^**	79 ± 25 ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^, ^¶	77 ± 26
FPG (mmol/L)	8.0 ± 2.6	7.4 ± 1.8^**	7.3 ± 1.9^**	8.5 ± 2.8 ^† ^, ^‡	8.1 ± 2.6 ^‡ ^,^**	8.8 ± 3.1 ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^¶	8.6 ± 4.1	<0.001
2hPG (mmol/L)	13.4 ± 4.4	11.5 ± 3.5^**	12.7 ± 3.7	13.6 ± 3.7 ^†	13.5 ± 4.5 ^† ^, ^‡	14.7 ± 4.8 ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^¶ ^,^**	12.9 ± 5.5	<0.001
Fasting C–peptide (ng/mL)	1.9 (1.2–2.6)	2.5 (2.0–3.2)^**	2.3 (1.8–3.0)^**	2.1 (1.5–2.9) ^† ^,^**	1.6 (1.1–2.3) ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^,^**	1.5 (0.9–2.1) ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^, ^¶ ^,^**	0.20 (0–0.6)	<0.001
2‐h C‐peptide (ng/mL)	4.3 (2.7–5.8)	6.0 (4.4–7.7)^**	5.5 (4.5–6.7)^**	4.9 (3.6–6.3) ^† ^, ^‡ ^,^**	3.5 (2.3–5.2) ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^,^**	2.9 (1.8–4.7) ^† ^, ^‡ ^, ^§ ^, ^¶ ^,^**	0.3 (0–1.1)	<0.001
Type of OADs if any, n (%)
Any metformin	736 (30.7)	102 (73.9)	317 (41.7)	43 (43)	197 (25.1)	77 (12.6)	–
Any AGI	688 (28.7)	48 (34.8)	209 (27.5)	26 (26)	180 (23.0)	225 (36.8)	–
Any TZD	196 (8.2)	17 (12.3)	84 (11.0)	12 (12)	60 (7.7)	23 (3.8)	–
Any sulfonylureas	687 (28.7)	–	600 (78.8)	39 (39)	42 (5.4)	6 (1.0)	–
Any glinides	214 (8.9)	–	161 (21.2)	42 (42)	11 (1.4)	–	–
Type of insulin regimen without OADs, n (%)
Basal insulin regimen without OADs				9 (9)
Premixed insulin regimen without OADs					395 (50.4)
Intensive insulin regimen without OADs						291 (47.5)	612 (100)

Data are the mean ± standard deviation, median (25th to 75th percentile) or n (%).

^{^†}

P < 0.008 versus group 1.

^{^‡}

P < 0.008 versus group 2.

^{^§}

P < 0.008 versus group 3.

^{^¶}

P < 0.008 versus group 4.

^**

P < 0.008 versus group 6.