Table 1.
Characteristics of the mothers and newborns
| Characteristics | Control (n = 23) | GDM (n = 23) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 31.87 ± 4.67 | 33.87 ± 4.85 | 0.161 |
| Height (cm) | 160.35 ± 6.51 | 158.48 ± 4.41 | 0.261 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 38.22 ± 1.17 | 38.04 ± 1.19 | 0.619 |
| First trimester BMI (kg/m2) | 22.12 ± 3.32 | 23.20 ± 2.75 | 0.235 |
| Third trimester BMI (kg/m2) | 27.25 ± 3.11 | 27.69 ± 2.78 | 0.618 |
| Weight gain (%) † | 24.02 ± 8.76 | 19.77 ± 7.46 | 0.083 |
| Fasting glucose levels (mmol/L) | 4.31 ± 0.31 | 4.91 ± 0.57 | <0.001 * |
| 1‐h OGTT glucose levels (mmol/L) | 7.36 ± 1.32 | 10.60 ± 1.84 | <0.001 * |
| 2‐h OGTT glucose levels (mmol/L) | 6.65 ± 1.07 | 9.37 ± 1.41 | <0.001 * |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.05 ± 0.26 | 5.34 ± 0.43 | 0.009 * |
| Birthweight (g) | 3,178.91 ± 331.72 | 3,541.30 ± 504.97 | 0.006 * |
| Newborn sex, male (%) | 12 (52.2%) | 14 (60.9%) | 0.767 |
Data are presented as Mean ± SD and number (%).
†
Weight gain between the first trimester and third trimester (% of initial body weight).
*
P < 0.05 (in bold).