Table 2.
Learning Strategies in Online Classes
| Itemsa) | Total | PM1 | PM2 | M1 | M2 | p-value (eta-squared) | Post-hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pausing for the purpose of learning (note taking, online searching, etc.) | 4.12±1.15 | 3.69±1.27 | 4.07±1.09 | 4.32±1.08 | 4.41±1.01 | <0.001 (0.058) | PM1<M1, M2 |
| Increasing playback speed | 3.82±1.26 | 4.04±1.18 | 3.59±1.26 | 3.71±1.30 | 3.95±1.25 | 0.033 (0.021) | PM2<PM1 |
| Watching while taking notes for oneself. | 3.62±1.34 | 3.09±1.41 | 3.88±1.24 | 4.10±1.17 | 3.43±1.32 | <0.001 (0.086) | PM1<PM2, M1 |
| Pausing for the purpose of refreshment (short-term rest, stretching, etc.) | 3.45±1.35 | 3.13±1.45 | 3.30±1.20 | 3.69±1.34 | 3.71±1.30 | 0.002 (0.035) | PM1<M1, M2 |
| Repeated viewing of specific sections of a lecture | 3.44±1.37 | 3.01±1.32 | 3.41±1.38 | 3.76±1.29 | 3.61±1.38 | <0.001 (0.042) | PM1<M1, M2 |
| Intentionally adjusting the viewing order of the lectures, not following the original timetable | 2.88±1.4 | 2.85±1.54 | 2.89±1.37 | 2.82±1.36 | 2.95±1.34 | 0.923 | - |
| Discussing the contents of lectures with classmatesb) | 2.65±1.35 | 1.79±0.88 | 2.82±1.24 | 2.89±1.41 | 3.15±1.43 | <0.001 (0.148) | PM1<PM2, M1, M2 |
| Sharing notes with classmatesb) | 2.52±1.54 | 1.23±0.61 | 2.33±1.18 | 3.38±1.52 | 3.23±1.60 | <0.001 (0.313) | PM1<PM2 |
| PM2<M1, M2 | |||||||
| Re-viewing the entire lecture | 1.94±1.24 | 2.30±1.28 | 2.37±1.32 | 1.62±1.20 | 1.43±0.80 | <0.001 (0.112) | M1<PM1, PM2 |
| M2<PM1, PM2 | |||||||
| Watch lectures while referring to the notes shared from classmates | 1.96±1.32 | 1.21±0.69 | 1.61±1.01 | 2.40±1.43 | 2.67±1.46 | <0.001 (0.199) | PM1, PM2<M1 |
| PM1, PM2<M2 | |||||||
| Inquiring to the professor by after class (e.g. sending e-mail)b) | 1.43±0.77 | 1.54±0.80 | 1.39±0.80 | 1.52±0.85 | 1.27±0.57 | 0.040 (0.020) | - |
| Studying only with notes shared from colleagues without actually watching the lecture | 1.27±0.70 | 1.11±0.48 | 1.33±0.7 | 1.35±0.81 | 1.30±0.76 | 0.046 (0.019) | - |
| Decreasing playback speed | 1.23±0.61 | 1.11±0.50 | 1.29±0.73 | 1.29±0.67 | 1.22±0.49 | 0.095 (0.015) | - |
| Total | 2.75±0.55 | 2.41±0.54 | 2.74±0.55 | 2.95±0.51 | 2.91±0.44 | <0.001 (0.148) | PM1<PM2, M1, M2 |
| PM2<M1 |
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation.
PM: Premedical course, M: Medical student.
a)
1 (hardly used), 2 (used in about 25% of classes), 3 (used in about 50% of classes), 4 (used in about 75% of classes), and 5 (used in almost all classes).
b)
Learning strategies applicable to both the recorded and real-time lectures.