Iyer 2020.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: prospective cohort Setting: secondary care Country: USA Duration of follow‐up: 1 year Covariates controlled for: age, BMI, time, group, GDS, total number of medications, neurological diagnosis
Participants	Participants numbers: 106 Population type: overactive bladder population Sex: 100% women Age (mean): 77 years
Prognostic factors	Anticholinergic burden measurement method: ACB scale
Outcomes	Outcomes assessed: cognitive decline Outcome ascertainment cognitive decline: MoCA Diagnostic criteria cognitive decline: change in scores on cognitive testing
Source of funding	None.
Notes
Item	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Study participation	No	Women only. Overactive bladder population.
Study attrition	No	Considerable attrition.
Prognostic factor measurement	Unclear	Only 1 method employed (ACB scale). No mention of assessing non‐prescription anticholinergic medications.
Outcome measurement	No	No mention of blinding and not a retrospective design so knowledge of anticholinergic use may have biased MoCA scoring. Repeated MoCA‐based testing could also induce practice effects, masking any cognitive decline.
Study confounding	Yes	Age and comorbidities controlled for.
Reverse causation	No	No restrictions placed on ACB use before follow‐up assessments up to 12 months.
Statistical analysis and reporting	Unclear	No protocol or assumptions checked.