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. 2021 May 31;9(5):e002032. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002032

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Non-linear tumor-immune dynamics complicate biomarker discovery. (A) An in silico biomarker discovery study in a ‘fixed’ patient cohort: while a single biomarker—either a tumor or an immune marker—can predict survival to some extent (the first and second columns), information from both markers in a biomarker panel enhances the predictive capacity greatly (third column). (B) Dynamic disease trajectories challenge survival prediction with ‘baseline’ biomarkers. In dynamic disease courses, the predictive value of single ‘baseline’ biomarkers is limited (the first and second columns; compare to (A). A biomarker panel improves survival predictions in this cohort (the third column) but is still defied by evolving dynamics. See also online supplemental table 5. OS, overall survival.