Table 2.
Parameter estimates (SE) for the negative binomial mixed-effects modelsapredicting gaze to faces.
| Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mullen | Play Interaction | |
| Estimated trajectory for TD group | ||
| Baseline (6 months) | 1.40 (0.06)*** | 1.79 (0.07)*** |
| Linear change with age | 0.09 (0.16) | 0.38 (0.24) |
| Quadratic change with age | −0.55 (0.16)*** | −0.43 (0.24) |
| Cubic change with age | 0.19 (0.04)*** | 0.12 (0.06) |
| Estimated trajectory for ASD group | ||
| Baseline (6 months) | 1.11 (0.09)*** | 1.64 (0.12)*** |
| Linear change with age | −0.14 (0.17) | 0.85 (0.46) |
| Quadratic change with age | −0.55 (0.16)*** | −1.81 (0.49)*** |
| Cubic change with age | 0.19 (0.04)*** | 0.56 (0.13)*** |
| Estimated trajectory for Non-TD group | ||
| Baseline (6 months) | 1.29 (0.06)*** | 1.63 (0.11)*** |
| Linear change with age | 0.08 (0.16) | 1.07 (0.39)** |
| Quadratic change with age | −0.55 (0.16)*** | −1.04 (0.39)** |
| Cubic change with age | 0.19 (0.04)*** | 0.24 (0.10)* |
| Estimated difference between ASD and TD groups | ||
| Baseline (6 months) | −0.29 (0.10)** | −0.15 (0.13) |
| Linear change with age | −0.23 (0.07)** | 0.47 (0.52) |
| Quadratic change with age | – | −1.38 (0.55)* |
| Cubic change with age | – | 0.44 (0.15)** |
| Estimated difference between ASD and Non-TD groups | ||
| Baseline (6 months) | −0.17 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.16) |
| Linear change with age | −0.22 (0.07)** | −0.22 (0.61) |
| Quadratic change with age | – | −0.77 (0.63) |
| Cubic change with age | – | 0.32 (0.17) |
| Estimated difference between Non-TD and TD groups | ||
| Baseline (6 months) | −0.12 (0.07) | −0.16 (0.13) |
| Linear change with age | −0.01 (0.05) | 0.69 (0.46) |
| Quadratic change with age | – | −0.60 (0.46) |
| Cubic change with age | – | 0.12 (0.12) |
Note.
**
p < .01
***
p < .001. ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder, TD = Typically Developing, Non-TD = Non-Typically Developing.
a
From negative binomial mixed-effects regression models with fixed effects for outcome group (ASD, Non-TD, TD), linear, quadratic and cubic age (in years, centered at 6 months), and interactions between age effects up to cubic term and group and random effects for child-specific intercept and linear slope.