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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021 Mar 31;47(7):1785–1800. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.02.016

Table 1.

FUS Parameter Optimization: Conditions Evaluated

Ultrasound conditions modified in the different optimization groups (1–6). Samples sizes and statistical significance values are provided for each group in comparison to the control group. PRF= pulse repetition frequency, Hz= Hertz, mVpp=milivolts peak to peak, FUS focal point targeting depths (5 or 13mm). Increasing voltages were tested in group 3 (50, 100, 150mVpp; n=2 for each voltage). Conditions incorporating 350mVpp and a pulse duration of 18.2μs were used for all groups (except for group 3).

Group FUS Parameters Evaluated Treatment sample size and P value
1 14Hz PRF, 350mVpp, 5mm depth, 4 minute treatment N=5, P=0.0095**
2 14Hz PRF, 350mVpp, 5mm depth, 2 minute treatment N=5, P=0.126
3 14Hz PRF, 50–150mVpp, 5mm depth, 4 minute treatment N=6, P=0.130
4 56Hz PRF, 350mVpp, 5mm depth, 2 minute treatment N=6, P=0.0334*
5 56Hz PRF, 350mVpp, 13mm depth, 2 minute treatment N=3, P=0.092
6 14 or 56Hz, 350mVpp, 2 minutes at each depth- 5mm, 13mm N=10, P=0.0039**
Control F-UTMD and microbubbles or F-UTMD and plasmid DNA N=6
Unfocused 14Hz PRF, 950mVpp, 4 minute treatment N=8