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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Bioorg Med Chem. 2021 May 1;40:116190. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116190

Figure 4. Genetically encoded probes for visualizing PI(4)P involving fluorescent protein fusions to PI(4)P-binding domains.

Figure 4.

(A) PH domain-based probes from FAPP1, Osh1, and OSBP, capable of recognizing PI(4)P, but which are typically biased toward Golgi localization due to a coincidence detection mechanisms via secondary interactions with Arf1. (B) Unbiased PI(4)P probes take advantage of PI(4)P-binding motifs from Legionella pneumophila proteins SidM and SidC, termed P4M and P4C respectively, that do not engage in additional interactions that might affect probe localization.