Aortic nitric oxide (NO) production was tested using a fluorescent DAF probe and normalized by aortic rings pre-treated with L-NAME to determine the background fluorescence. Relative NO production was tested with and without tPVAT treatment in LZR (A) and OZR (B) (n=7–8). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was tested in LZR (C&D) and OZR (E&F) aortic rings (n=6–8) and tPVAT (n=3–6). Finally, relative ROS production measured by coumarin boronic acid was tested in donor aortic lysates following the treatment with tPVAT (n=4–8) and in tPVAT lysates (n=3) of LZR (G&H) and OZR (I&J), *denotes significant differences within treatments i.e., aortic ring with tPVAT compared to aortic ring with tPVAT or aortic ring only compared to aortic ring only. #denote significant effect of tPVAT, i.e., comparing aortic ring only to aortic ring with tPVAT. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001, #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, ####p<0.0001 as measured by one-way ANOVA with holm-sidak post-hoc analysis.