Table 2.

Summary of study conclusions

Study conclusion	References
Authors demonstrate that electrospun constructs maintain NSP proliferation and differentiation, and that the aligned nanofibrous scaffolds can significantly enhance chondrogenic differentiation of nasal septum derived progenitors.	[14]
Authors describe image-based CAD/CAM 3D printing process in the production of bioresorbable PCL scaffolds with defined porous architecture for cartilaginous frameworks.	[15]
In this study, the authors demonstrate that three-dimensional printing–aided tissue engineering can achieve precise three-dimensional shapes of human nasal alar cartilage.	[16]
In this manuscript a new PCL scaffold designed by 3D printing method seeded with fibrin/chondrocytes to be used as a biocompatible augmentation material in rhinoplasty in the future was described.	[17]
In this manuscript author introduce a PCL scaffold between the pericondrium and the septal cartilage. According to their result, they suggest that PCL can be used for nasal reconstruction such as nasal augmentation.	[18]
In vivo chondrogenesis in a 3D bioprinted human cell-laden hydrogel construct has been demonstrated.	[19]
In this study, authors described the creation of viable cartilage in vivo using a 3D-bioprinted construct. The lineage with human nasal chondrocytes showed good proliferative ability in terms of cell number and cartilage-cluster formation. Furthermore, they observed that the addition of MSCs enhanced chondrocyte proliferation.	[20]
Here authors demonstrated the properties of nanofibrous gelatin membranes were strongly influenced by the concentration of gelatin. Also, the obtained layered PLLA/gelatin/Osteo scaffold could be potentially suitable for nasal cartilages and subchondral bone reconstruction.	[21]
The viability of a Tissue-engineered cartilage successfully produced on a 3D-printed bioresorbable scaffolds using an adipose-derived stem cell and chondrocyte co-culture technique was demostrated.	[22]
Authors demonstrated the clinical feasibility of 3-D printed, homogeneous, composite, microporous polycaprolactone nasal human implant, demonstrated proper mechanical support and thinness with excellent biocompatibility and surgical manipulability.	[23]
In this study, authors established a novel scaffold-fabricated strategy for native polymers (Gelatin & Hyaluronic) and provided a novel natural 3D printed scaffold with satisfactory outer shape, pore structure, mechanical strength, degradation rate, and weak immunogenicity for cartilage regeneration.	[24]
The authors demonstrate that the addition of DECM particles to a PCL scaffold leads to a significantly higher cartilage regeneration compared to pure PCL scaffolds in vitro.	[25]
Properties of hNC–PCL complex may be a valuable therapeutic agent for implantation into injured cartilage tissue, and can be used clinically to repair cartilaginous skeletal defects.	[26]
In this study, authors show the feasibility of manufacturing neocartilage using chondrocytes/GelMA/PCL 3D bioprinted porous constructs which could be applied as a method for fabricating implants for nose reconstruction.	[27]
In this work, authors evaluate the possibility of preparing 3D scaffolds from composite polycaprolactone/Graphene.	[28]
A new hybrid device consisting of a dual bioink printed nose construct with an integrated biosensing system was described in this study.	[29]

Abbreviations: N/A: not apply; PLLA = poly (L-lactide); PCL = polycaprolactone; PGA = poly (glycolic acid); FTIR = fourier transform infrared; WAXS = wide angle x-ray scattering; ECM = extracellular matrix; GAG = glycosaminoglycans; DECM = decellularized extracellular matrix; GelMA = gelatin-methacrylamide; PEGDMA = polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; hNCs = human nasal chondrocytes; hBMSCs = human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells