Table 2.
IL-4 and IL-13 summary.
Adapted from Delves et al. [78], Bao and Reinhardt [79], and Kelly-Welch et al. [80]
| IL-4 | IL-13 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gene | Chromosome 5 | Chromosome 5 |
| Source | TH2, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, NK, NKT, γδ T cell, | TH2 and mast cells |
| Target | T cell, B cell, macrophage | B cell, macrophage |
| Function |
Induces differentiation of TH0 cell to TH2, creating a positive feedback loop, producing more IL-4 Regulation of B cell function and class switching to IgG1 and IgEa Proliferation of activated B, T, and mast cells Upregulates IgM, CD23 and MHC class II on B cells DC differentiation Differentiation, maturation, and functionality of DC in vitro Increases macrophage phagocytosis Inhibition of cell-mediated immunity |
Regulation of several stages of B cell maturation and proliferation Switching to IgG1 and IgE Inhibits activation and cytokine secretion by macrophages Induces VCAM-1 Modulates smooth cell muscle contraction and mucus secretion in the airway epithelium Inhibits cell-mediated immunity |
| Receptor |
Type I receptor (IL‐4Rα/γc)b Type II receptor (IL‐4Rα/IL-13Rα1) |
Type II receptor (IL‐4Rα/IL-13Rα1) IL-13Rα2c |
| Downstream signaling pathways |
JAK1 JAK3 STAT6 |
JAK1 TYK2 STAT6 |
DC dendritic cell, Ig immunoglobulin, IL interleukin, JAK Janus kinase, MHC major histocompatibility complex, NK natural killer, NKT natural killer T cell, TH T helper, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
aIL-4 induces class switching to IgG1 and IgE
bType I and II receptor are expressed on hematopoietic cells. Type II is expressed on non‐hematopoietic cells as well
cIL-13Rα2: decoy receptor without signaling function